People love their cellular phones, which is rather worrying given some recent controversy about links between cellular phone use and brain tumors. The basic idea is that cellular phones emit microwaves, and so holding one next to your brain for large parts of the day is a bit like sticking your brain in a microwave oven and selecting the "cook until well done" button. If we wanted to test this experimentally, we could get 6 groups of people and strap a cellular phone on their heads (that they can't remove). Then, by remote control, we turn the phones on for a certain amount of time each day. After six months, we measure the size of any tumor close to the site of the phone antenna (just behind the ear). The six groups experience 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 hours per day of phone microwaves for 6 months. Data are below.
1) Enter data into SPSS (use two columns: one for coding {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and one for DV)
2) Are the data normally distributed?
3) Is the assumption of homogeneity of variance met?
4) Carry out the one-way ANOVA to find out whether cellular phone use causes brain tumors.
5) Provide an ANOVA summary table for your results.
6) Include a results paragraph which describes the results of your analysis.
|
0 hours/day
|
1 hours/day
|
2 hours/day
|
3 hours/day
|
4 hours/day
|
5 hours/day
|
|
0.02
|
0.77
|
1.29
|
4.31
|
4.65
|
5.17
|
|
0.00
|
0.74
|
1.08
|
2.47
|
5.16
|
5.03
|
|
0.01
|
0.22
|
1.07
|
2.04
|
4.06
|
6.14
|
|
0.01
|
0.94
|
0.48
|
3.32
|
4.61
|
4.90
|
|
0.04
|
0.62
|
1.26
|
3.18
|
5.32
|
4.65
|
|
0.04
|
0.33
|
0.52
|
2.24
|
4.84
|
3.88
|
|
0.01
|
0.47
|
0.64
|
3.80
|
5.20
|
5.25
|
|
0.03
|
0.78
|
1.69
|
2.86
|
5.40
|
2.70
|
|
0.00
|
0.76
|
1.85
|
2.58
|
3.04
|
5.31
|
|
0.01
|
0.03
|
1.22
|
4.09
|
4.73
|
5.36
|
|
0.01
|
0.93
|
1.69
|
3.51
|
5.18
|
5.43
|
|
0.02
|
0.39
|
2.34
|
3.02
|
5.09
|
4.43
|
|
0.03
|
0.62
|
1.54
|
3.63
|
5.65
|
4.83
|
|
0.02
|
0.48
|
1.87
|
4.14
|
3.83
|
4.13
|
|
0.01
|
0.15
|
0.83
|
2.82
|
4.88
|
4.05
|
|
0.04
|
0.72
|
0.98
|
1.77
|
5.21
|
3.67
|
|
0.03
|
0.38
|
0.98
|
2.56
|
5.30
|
4.43
|
|
0.02
|
0.27
|
1.39
|
3.59
|
6.05
|
4.62
|
|
0.01
|
0.00
|
1.63
|
2.64
|
4.13
|
5.11
|
|
0.01
|
0.69
|
0.87
|
1.84
|
5.42
|
5.55
|