DFW rates. One measure of student success for colleges and universities is the percent of admitted students who graduate. Studies indicate that a key issue in retaining students is their performance in so-called gateway courses.9 These are courses that serve as prerequisites for other key courses that are essential for student success. One measure of student performance in these courses is the DFW rate, the percent of students who receive grades of D, F, or W (withdraw).

A major project was undertaken to reduce the DFW rate in a gateway course at a large midwestern university. The course curriculum was revised to make it more relevant to the majors of the students taking the course, a small group of excellent teachers taught the course, technology (including clickers and online homework) was introduced, and student support outside the classroom was increased. The following table gives data on the DFW rates for the course for three years.10 In Year 1, the traditional course was given; in Year 2, a few changes were introduced; and in Year 3, the course was substantially revised.

Do you think that the changes in this gateway course had an impact on the DFW rate? Write a report giving your answer to this question. Support your answer with an analysis of the data.