A researcher plans to compare two treatment conditions by measuring one sample in treatment 1 and a. second sample in treatment 2. The researcher will then compare the scores for the two treatments. If there is a difference between the two groups of scores,

a.briefly expain how the difference simply may be caused by the treatments.

b. Briefly explain how the difference simply may be sampling error.

2. Describe the goal of an experimental research study and identify the two elements that are necessary for an experiment to achieve it's goal.

3. Define or give an example of a hypothetical construct. Explain why operational definitions are needed to define and to measure constructs.