Consider the following scenarios where a company wishes to raise funds. In each case suggest what fixed incomes securities they could use to best meet their needs, and where they might issue them. Consider specific product details and the benefits they would bring to the company and/or their investors.

1. The company is a Belgium commodities producer. They want to borrow money to develop a site which surveys have shown is rich in precious metals. They want to minimise uncertainty and reduce their debt as production from the site ramps up.

2. The company is a medium-sized UK retail bank. They have a large portfolio of mortgages which mostly charge a variable rate of interest.