Clinical depression occurs in about 15 percent of the population. Many treatments are available. The data that follow are based on Hollon, Thrase, and Markowitz's study (2002) comparing:

(1) psychodynamic therapy, which uses free association and dream analysis to explore unconscious conflicts from childhood,

(2) interpersonal therapy, which progresses through a three-stage treatment that alters the patient's response to recent life events, and

(3) cognitive-behavioral therapy, which focuses on changing the client's thought and behavior patterns.

The second factor in this data set is gender. The numbers are improvement scores for the 36 individuals receiving therapy.

a. Identify the design using R × C notation.

b. Identify the independent variables, their levels, and the dependent variable.

c. Calculate SS_tot, SS_cells, SS_therapy, SS_gender, SS_AB, and SS_error.