Caughlin Company needs to raise $55 million to start a new project and will raise the money by selling new bonds. The company will generate no internal equity for the foreseeable future. The company has a target capital structure of 65 percent common stock, 15 percent preferred stock, and 20 percent debt. Flotation costs for issuing new common stock are 11 percent, for new preferred stock, 8 percent, and for new debt, 5 percent.

What is the true initial cost figure the company should use when evaluating its project? Initial cost $