Cardinal Industries had the following operating results for 2018: Sales = $33,813; Cost of goods sold = $23,967; Depreciation expense = $5,947; Interest expense = $2,685; Dividends paid = $1,951. At the beginning of the year, net fixed assets were $19,890, current assets were $7,019, and current liabilities were $3,962. At the end of the year, net fixed assets were $24,457, current assets were $8,654, and current liabilities were $4,628. The tax rate for 2018 was 22 percent.

If no new debt was issued during the year, what is the cash flow to stockholders? (Do not round intermediate calculations. A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign.)