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A study published in the British Medical Journal described how dogs were used in an attempt to identify patients having bladder cancer. A trial involved six different samples of urine from healthy people plus another sample of urine from a person known to have bladder cancer. The trail was repeated 54 times with 22 correct identifications and 32 wrong identification.

Assuming that the dogs did better than what would be expected with random guessing, did they do well enough to be used for actual medical diagnoses? Why or why not?

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