Assignment
Using a time line The financial manager at Starbuck Industries is considering an investment that requires an initial outlay of $25,000 and is expected to result in cash inflows of $3,000 at the end of year 1, $6,000 at the end of years 2 and 3, $10,000 at the end of year 4, $8,000 at the end of year 5, and $7,000 at the end of year 6.
a.Draw and label a time line depicting the cash flows associated with Starbuck Industries' proposed investment.
b.Use arrows to demonstrate, on the time line in parta,how compounding to find future value can be used to measure all cash flows at the end of year 6.
c. Use arrows to demonstrate, on the time line in partb,how discounting to find present value can be used to measure all cash flows at time zero.
d.Which of the approaches-future valueorpresent value-do financial managers rely on most often for decision making? Why?
P5-4
Future values For each of the cases shown in the following table, calculate the future value of the single cash flow deposited today at the end of the deposit period if the interest is compounded annually at the rate specified.
|
Case
|
Single cash flow
|
Interest rate
|
Deposit period (years)
|
|
A
|
$ 200
|
5%
|
20
|
|
B
|
4,500
|
8
|
7
|
|
C
|
10,000
|
9
|
10
|
|
D
|
25,000
|
10
|
12
|
|
E
|
37,000
|
11
|
5
|
|
F
|
40,000
|
12
|
9
|
P5-5 Time value You have $1,500 to invest today at 7% interest compounded annually.
a. Find how much you will have accumulated in the account at the end of (1) 3 years, (2) 6 years, and (3) 9 years.
b. Use your findings in partato calculate the amount of interest earned in (1) the first 3 years (years 1 to 3), (2) the second 3 years (years 4 to 6), and (3) the third 3 years (years 7 to 9).
c. Compare and contrast your findings in partb. Explain why the amount of interest earned increases in each succeeding 3-year period.
P5-8
Time value Misty needs to have $15,000 at the end of 5 years to fulfill her goal of purchasing a small sailboat. She is willing to invest a lump sum today and leave the money untouched for 5 years until it grows to $15,000, but she wonders what sort of investment return she will need to earn to reach her goal. Use your calculator or spreadsheet to figure out the approximate annually compounded rate of return needed in each of these cases:
a.Misty can invest $10,200 today.
b.Misty can invest $8,150 today.
c.Misty can invest $7,150 today.
5-10
Present value calculationWithout referring to the preprogrammed function on your financial calculator,use the basic formula for present value, along with the given opportunity cost,r, and the number of periods,n, to calculate the present value of $1 in each of the cases shown in the following table.
|
Case
|
Opportunity cost, r
|
Number of periods, n
|
|
A
|
2%
|
4
|
|
B
|
10
|
2
|
|
C
|
5
|
3
|
|
D
|
13
|
2
|
P5-17Cash flow investment decision Tom Alexander has an opportunity to purchase any of the investments shown in the following table. The purchase price, the amount of the single cash inflow, and its year of receipt are given for each investment. Which purchase recommendations would you make, assuming that Tom can earn 10% on his investments?
|
Investment
|
Price
|
Single cash inflow
|
Year of receipt
|
|
A
|
$18,000
|
$30,000
|
5
|
|
B
|
600
|
3,000
|
20
|
|
C
|
3,500
|
10,000
|
10
|
|
D
|
1,000
|
15,000
|
40
|
P5- 21Time value: Annuities Marian Kirk wishes to select the better of two 10-year annuities, C and D. Annuity C is an ordinary annuity of $2,500 per year for 10 years. Annuity D is an annuity due of $2,200 per year for 10 years.
a. Find the future value of both annuities at the end of year 10 assuming that Marian can earn (1) 10% annual interest and (2) 20% annual interest.
b.Use your findings in partato indicate which annuity has the greater future value at the end of year 10 for both the (1) 10% and (2) 20% interest rates.
c.Find thepresent valueof both annuities, assuming that Marian can earn (1) 10% annual interest and (2) 20% annual interest.
d.Use your findings in partcto indicate which annuity has the greater present value for both (1) 10% and (2) 20% interest rates.
e.Briefly compare, contrast, and explain any differences between your findings using the 10% and 20% interest rates in partsbandd.
P8-3
Risk preferences Sharon Smith, the financial manager for Barnett Corporation, wishes to evaluate three prospective investments: X, Y, and Z. Sharon will evaluate each of these investments to decide whether they are superior to investments that her company already has in place, which have an expected return of 12% and a standard deviation of 6%. The expected returns and standard deviations of the investments are as follows:
|
Investment
|
Expected return
|
Standard deviation
|
|
X
|
14%
|
7%
|
|
Y
|
12
|
8
|
|
Z
|
10
|
9
|
a.If Sharon wererisk neutral,which investments would she select? Explain why.
b.If she wererisk averse,which investments would she select? Why?
c.If she wererisk seeking,which investments would she select? Why?
d.Given the traditional risk preference behavior exhibited by financial managers, which investment would be preferred? Why?
P8-4
Risk analysis Solar Designs is considering an investment in an expanded product line. Two possible types of expansion are being considered. After investigating the possible outcomes, the company made the estimates shown in the following table.
|
Expansion A
|
Expansion B
|
|
Initial investment
|
$12,000
|
$12,000
|
|
Annual rate of return
|
|
|
|
Pessimistic
|
16%
|
10%
|
|
Most likely
|
20%
|
20%
|
|
Optimistic
|
24%
|
30%
|
a.Determine therangeof the rates of return for each of the two projects.
b.Which project is less risky? Why?
c.If you were making the investment decision, which one would you choose? Why? What does this decision imply about your feelings toward risk?
d.Assume that expansion B's most likely outcome is 21% per year and that all other facts remain the same. Does your answer to partcnow change? Why?
P8-9
Rate of return, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation Mike is searching for a stock to include in his current stock portfolio. He is interested in Hi-Tech, Inc.; he has been impressed with the company's computer products and believes that Hi-Tech is an innovative market player. However, Mike realizes that any time you consider a technology stock, risk is a major concern. The rule he follows is to include only securities with a coefficient of variation of returns below 0.90.
Mike has obtained the following price information for the period 2012 through 2015. Hi-Tech stock, being growth-oriented, did not pay any dividends during these 4 years.
|
Stock price
|
|
Year
|
Beginning
|
End
|
|
2012
|
$14.36
|
$21.55
|
|
2013
|
21.55
|
64.78
|
|
2014
|
64.78
|
72.38
|
|
2015
|
72.38
|
91.80
|
a.Calculate therate of returnfor each year, 2012 through 2015, for Hi-Tech stock.
b.Assume that each year's return is equally probable, and calculate theaverage returnover this time period.
c.Calculate thestandard deviationof returns over the past 4 years. (Hint:Treat these data as a sample.)
d.Based onbandc,determine thecoefficient of variationof returns for the security.
e.Given the calculation ind,what should be Mike's decision regarding the inclusion of Hi-Tech stock in his portfolio?
Assessing return and risk Swift Manufacturing must choose between two asset purchases. The annual rate of return and the related probabilities given in the following table summarize the firm's analysis to this point.
|
Project 257
|
Project 432
|
|
Rate of return
|
Probability
|
Rate of return
|
Probability
|
|
-10%
|
0.01
|
10%
|
0.05
|
|
10
|
0.04
|
15
|
0.10
|
|
20
|
0.05
|
20
|
0.10
|
|
30
|
0.10
|
25
|
0.15
|
|
40
|
0.15
|
30
|
0.20
|
|
45
|
0.30
|
35
|
0.15
|
|
50
|
0.15
|
40
|
0.10
|
|
60
|
0.10
|
45
|
0.10
|
|
70
|
0.05
|
50
|
0.05
|
|
80
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
100
|
0.01
|
|
|
a. For each project, compute:
(1)The range of possible rates of return.
(2)The expected return.
(3)The standard deviation of the returns.
(4)The coefficient of variation of the returns.
b. Construct a bar chart of each distribution of rates of return.
c. Which project would you consider less risky? Why?
P8-13; Portfolio return and standard deviation Jamie Wong is considering building an investment portfolio containing two stocks, L and M. Stock L will represent 40% of the dollar value of the portfolio, and stock M will account for the other 60%. The expected returns over the next 6 years, 2015-2020, for each of these stocks are shown in the following table.
|
Expected return
|
|
Year
|
Stock L
|
Stock M
|
|
2015
|
14%
|
20%
|
|
2016
|
14
|
18
|
|
2017
|
16
|
16
|
|
2018
|
17
|
14
|
|
2019
|
17
|
12
|
|
2020
|
19
|
10
|
a. Calculate the expected portfolio return,rp, foreachof the 6 years.
b. Calculate the expected value of portfolio returns,, over the 6-year period.
c. Calculate the standard deviation of expected portfolio returns,, over the 6-year period.
d. How would you characterize the correlation of returns of the two stocks L and M?
e. Discuss any benefits of diversification achieved by Jamie through creation of the portfolio.
P8-24
Capital asset pricing model (CAPM)For each of the cases shown in the following table, use the capital asset pricing model to find the required return.
|
Case
|
Risk-free rate, RF
|
Market return, rm
|
Beta,β
|
|
A
|
5%
|
8%
|
1.30
|
|
B
|
8
|
13
|
0.90
|
|
C
|
9
|
12
|
-0.20
|
|
D
|
10
|
15
|
1.00
|
|
E
|
6
|
10
|
0.60
|
P8- 26Manipulating CAPM Use the basic equation for the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to work each of the following problems.
a. Find therequired returnfor an asset with a beta of 0.90 when the risk-free rate and market return are 8% and 12%, respectively.
b. Find therisk-free ratefor a firm with a required return of 15% and a beta of 1.25 when the market return is 14%.
c. Find themarket returnfor an asset with a required return of 16% and a beta of 1.10 when the risk-free rate is 9%.
d. Find thebetafor an asset with a required return of 15% when the risk-free rate and market return are 10% and 12.5%, respectively.