To test whether there is a difference in means between two populations using paired t test.
A random sample of 33 clients who attended a nutrition education program for those with elevated cholesterol levels was drawn. The study recorded the weight, cholesterol level, total dietary fat intake per average day, total dietary cholesterol intake per average day, and percent of daily calories from fat.
These data were gathered both before and 3 months after the program. The researchers also determined the gender, age, and height of the clients.
The data are stored in the following way:
column 1: gender (1=female, 2=male),
column 2: age,
column 3: height (in meters),
columns 4 and 5: weight before and after (in kilograms), columns 6 and 7: cholesterol level before and after, columns 8 and 9: total dietary fat intake per average day before and after (in grams), columns 10 and 11: dietary cholesterol intake per average day before and after (in milligrams), columns 12 and 13: percent daily calories from fat before and after
For each of the variables you are assigned, answer the following research questions (NOTE: consider each variable individually. Don't try to incorporate both of your variables into one test for any of the research questions. Also, be aware that you may need to reorganize the data to run the tests):
Your assigned variables are:
Weight and calories from fat
|
Gender
|
Age
|
Height
|
Weight 1
|
Weight 2
|
Choles 1
|
Choles 2
|
TotFat 1
|
TotFat 2
|
DietC 1
|
DietC 2
|
PDCF 1
|
PDCF 2
|
|
1
|
56
|
1.65
|
68.40
|
68.90
|
7.93
|
6.49
|
57.7
|
36.5
|
70.8
|
87.3
|
32.3
|
25.2
|
|
1
|
53
|
1.63
|
65.20
|
63.00
|
7.20
|
7.39
|
48.2
|
36.5
|
95.2
|
101.4
|
32.6
|
32.5
|
|
1
|
54
|
1.58
|
65.00
|
63.70
|
5.83
|
5.71
|
63.7
|
49.5
|
252.2
|
193.2
|
38.6
|
33.8
|
|
1
|
56
|
1.53
|
95.80
|
95.30
|
6.96
|
6.32
|
80.1
|
50.4
|
263.8
|
152.9
|
35.6
|
31.2
|
|
2
|
40
|
1.75
|
86.30
|
87.40
|
7.22
|
6.67
|
94.1
|
70.2
|
368.9
|
256.4
|
39.9
|
29.8
|
|
2
|
46
|
1.74
|
68.80
|
75.90
|
6.67
|
5.76
|
114.4
|
93.4
|
381.9
|
298.6
|
47.8
|
39.5
|
|
1
|
22
|
1.60
|
74.20
|
71.70
|
6.82
|
7.50
|
19.3
|
21.2
|
88.1
|
154.9
|
25.2
|
23.6
|
|
1
|
52
|
1.61
|
95.20
|
95.20
|
6.86
|
6.25
|
47.6
|
16.6
|
131.2
|
78.3
|
34.7
|
20.9
|
|
1
|
34
|
1.73
|
71.80
|
71.30
|
6.26
|
6.64
|
71.6
|
43.3
|
168.6
|
156.4
|
31.2
|
24.9
|
|
2
|
51
|
1.75
|
79.80
|
78.40
|
7.20
|
6.18
|
63.4
|
68.6
|
246.4
|
588.4
|
40.6
|
34.9
|
|
2
|
46
|
1.74
|
100.00
|
100.70
|
6.45
|
7.02
|
34.1
|
14.1
|
90.0
|
26.2
|
23.1
|
20.0
|
|
2
|
65
|
1.69
|
79.00
|
77.90
|
6.70
|
6.16
|
62.4
|
41.5
|
192.8
|
149.1
|
38.0
|
40.8
|
|
2
|
57
|
1.74
|
98.90
|
101.40
|
6.29
|
6.07
|
108.3
|
90.0
|
329.0
|
363.6
|
37.8
|
41.8
|
|
1
|
55
|
1.74
|
69.90
|
66.80
|
6.59
|
5.97
|
48.4
|
31.8
|
226.6
|
160.3
|
33.7
|
32.1
|
|
1
|
58
|
1.57
|
52.30
|
52.80
|
7.49
|
6.55
|
55.0
|
62.4
|
275.5
|
215.6
|
49.3
|
38.2
|
|
1
|
41
|
1.65
|
73.90
|
71.10
|
6.78
|
5.57
|
17.0
|
22.1
|
39.6
|
59.7
|
27.3
|
22.6
|
|
2
|
43
|
1.78
|
104.80
|
99.00
|
9.02
|
7.61
|
114.8
|
33.6
|
532.1
|
178.4
|
37.7
|
27.5
|
|
2
|
69
|
1.66
|
65.00
|
64.00
|
8.07
|
6.21
|
75.9
|
62.5
|
219.8
|
253.8
|
36.3
|
31.0
|
|
2
|
43
|
1.73
|
96.30
|
96.60
|
7.52
|
6.68
|
117.3
|
72.0
|
939.8
|
261.0
|
38.4
|
34.2
|
|
1
|
30
|
1.62
|
99.60
|
96.60
|
5.73
|
5.30
|
39.3
|
27.7
|
239.0
|
149.5
|
45.7
|
30.5
|
|
2
|
45
|
1.75
|
91.50
|
86.30
|
7.03
|
5.25
|
94.5
|
55.7
|
299.8
|
282.6
|
45.8
|
29.8
|
|
1
|
46
|
1.63
|
48.80
|
47.90
|
5.50
|
4.56
|
110.7
|
61.4
|
368.6
|
110.9
|
41.7
|
31.2
|
|
2
|
53
|
1.77
|
97.80
|
94.00
|
6.00
|
6.32
|
38.5
|
32.0
|
126.6
|
111.0
|
39.2
|
34.9
|
|
1
|
64
|
1.65
|
60.70
|
60.50
|
7.17
|
6.00
|
21.5
|
24.2
|
124.2
|
104.1
|
19.7
|
15.3
|
|
1
|
50
|
1.68
|
85.20
|
83.10
|
7.80
|
7.12
|
49.2
|
37.8
|
192.6
|
230.5
|
35.8
|
28.4
|
|
1
|
49
|
1.59
|
59.00
|
58.20
|
6.49
|
5.47
|
45.9
|
30.1
|
82.7
|
75.0
|
36.0
|
28.8
|
|
2
|
63
|
1.79
|
83.20
|
81.40
|
7.73
|
5.96
|
92.1
|
101.1
|
386.9
|
373.2
|
38.8
|
45.0
|
|
2
|
51
|
1.70
|
80.50
|
73.50
|
6.41
|
5.42
|
56.2
|
20.7
|
144.7
|
71.7
|
34.5
|
24.3
|
|
2
|
53
|
1.73
|
82.60
|
81.80
|
7.04
|
7.53
|
131.5
|
31.1
|
489.6
|
102.1
|
50.4
|
40.4
|
|
2
|
40
|
1.75
|
97.00
|
96.00
|
5.42
|
4.86
|
88.5
|
64.8
|
233.3
|
190.3
|
33.1
|
32.3
|
|
2
|
63
|
1.78
|
80.30
|
76.80
|
7.01
|
6.54
|
44.9
|
36.8
|
125.0
|
81.5
|
22.5
|
19.8
|
|
1
|
40
|
1.50
|
56.00
|
53.80
|
6.82
|
7.68
|
38.1
|
29.8
|
102.3
|
75.7
|
47.3
|
37.5
|
|
2
|
58
|
1.70
|
103.50
|
103.50
|
6.70
|
6.05
|
52.3
|
72.2
|
172.3
|
151.5
|
35.1
|
34.4
|
In terms of each variable you are assigned (weight, calories from fat), is the program a success?
1. A clear explanation for why you chose that test
2. Any analysis required to check the required conditions (note that if you find that you cannot meet the required conditions for the test you expected to do, you must use the appropriate non-parametric test)
3. A clear statement of your hypotheses
4. Your selected Alpha
5. Your Excel output with the p-value you used clearly identified
6. A clear statement of your conclusion