In late 2002, analysis was forecasting fiscal 2003 and 2004 earnings per share for Cisco systems of $.54 and $.61 respectively. Cisco's shares traded at $15 at the time,. Assuming the long-term growth rate will be at 4 percent. The average rate of growth for gross national product, value Cisco using the model in equation in this chapter. Apply the formula to earnings rather than operating income and use a required return for equity of 9 percent.