1. A test indicates the presence of a particular disease 90% of the time when the disease is present and the presence of the disease 2% of the time when the disease is not present. If 0.5% of the population has the disease, calculate the conditional probability that a person selected at random has the disease if the test indicates the presence of the disease.

2. A hospital receives two-?fths of its ?u vaccine from Company A and the remainder from Company B. Each shipment contains a large number of vials of vaccine. From Company A, 3% of the vials are ineffective; from Company B, 2% are ineffective. A hospital tests n = 25 randomly selected vials from one shipment and ?nds that 2 are ineffective. What is the conditional probability that this shipment came from Company A?