A study was done of all homicide convictions in the State of Florida between 1976 and 1980 in order to examine if the application of the death sentence was racially biased. The data showed that a larger percentage of white suspects (11.2%) were sentenced to death than black suspects (8.5%). However, if the race of the victim was included in the analysis, the study found that for white victims, a larger percentage of black suspects (19.3%) were sentenced to death than white suspects (12.3%).

Which of the following is correct? Check all that apply.

1. "Race of the suspect" is a lurking variable in this situation.
2. "Race of the victim" is a lurking variable in this situation.
3. This is an example of Simpson's paradox.
4. This is an example of a negative association.;l