A social psychologist wishes to test the assertion that our attitude toward other people tends to re?ect our perception of their attitude toward us. A randomly selected member of each of 12 couples who live together is told (in private) that his or her partner has rated that person at the high end of a 0 to 100 scale of trustworthiness. The other member is told (also in private) that his or her partner has rated that person at the low end of the trustworthiness scale. Each person is then asked to estimate, in turn, the trustworthiness of his or her partner, yielding the following results. (According to the original assertion, the people in the trustworthy condition should give higher ratings than should their partners in the untrustworthy condition.)

COUPLE              TRUSTWORTHY               UNTRUSTWORTHY

A                               75                                          60

B                               35                                          30

C                               50                                          55

D                               93                                          20

E                               74                                          12

F                               47                                           34

G                              95                                           22

H                              63                                            63

I                               44                                            43

J                               88                                            79

K                              56                                            33

L                              86                                            72

(a) Use T to test the null hypothesis at the .01 level.

(b) Specify the approximate p -value for this test result.