A single-elimination tournament with four players is to be held. In Game 1, the players seeded (rated) first and fourth play. In Game 2, the players seeded second and third play. In Game 3, the winners of Games 1 and 2 play, with the winner of Game 3 declared the tournament winner. Suppose that the following probabilities are given:

P(seed 1 defeats seed 4) = .8

P(seed 1 defeats seed 2) = .6

P(seed 1 defeats seed 3) = .7

P(seed 2 defeats seed 3) = .6

P(seed 2 defeats seed 4) = .7

P(seed 3 defeats seed 4) = .6

a. Describe how you would use a selection of random digits to simulate Game 1 of this tournament.

b. Describe how you would use a selection of random digits to simulate Game 2 of this tournament.

c. How would you use a selection of random digits to simulate Game 3 in the tournament? (This will de- pend on the outcomes of Games 1 and 2.)

d. Simulate one complete tournament, giving an expla- nation for each step in the process.

e. Simulate 10 tournaments, and use the resulting in- formation to estimate the probability that the first seed wins the tournament.

f. Ask four classmates for their simulation results. Along with your own results, this should give you information on 50 simulated tournaments. Use this information to estimate the probability that the first seed wins the tournament.

g. Why do the estimated probabilities from Parts (e) and (f) differ? Which do you think is a better esti- mate of the true probability? Explain.