A hypothesis test concerning two population proportions is described in each of the following problems. Identify each population, and determine the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses in terms of p1 and p2.
a. A study was conducted to determine whether there is any difference in the proportion of people who listen to satellite radio in California versus Tennessee.
b. Two random samples, of men and of women who tried to talk their way out of a traffic ticket, were obtained. The number of each who said they missed a street sign was recorded. The data will be used to determine whether the proportion of women who say they missed a street sign is greater than the proportion of men who say so.
c. Random samples of teens ages 13-19 from two different school districts were obtained. The number of teens who own a cell phone was recorded. The data will be used to determine whether there is any difference in the proportion of teens who own a cell phone in the two districts.
d. Random samples of Americans who received an income tax refund were obtained. All were classified by income level (low versus high) and asked whether they intended to use their refund to pay outstanding bills. The data will be used to determine whether the proportion of highincome Americans who pay bills with tax refunds is 0.10 greater than the proportion of low-income Americans who pay bills with tax refunds.
e. Independent random samples of videos on U.S. and Canadian newspaper websites were obtained. The number of videos that were advertisements was recorded. The data will be used to determine whether the proportion of videos that are advertisements in the United States is higher than in Canada.