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A case-control study was conducted relating to the epidemiology of breast cancer and the possible involvement of dietary fats, vitamins, and other nutrients. It included 2024 breast cancer cases admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Erie County, New York, from 1958 to 1965. A control group of 1463 was chosen from patients having no neoplasms and no pathology of gastrointestinal or reproductive systems.

The primary factors being investigated were vitamins A and E (measured in international units per month). Data for 1500 women over 54 years of age are given in Table E1.19. Calculate the odds ratio associated with a decrease (exposure is low consumption) in ingestion of foods containing vitamin A.

TABLE E1.19
Vitamin A (IU/month)	Cases	Controls
a150,500	893	392
>150,500	132	83
Total	1025	475

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