Q1)i) A study of the relationship between exercise and heart attacks is conducted among women who don't smoke. Describe whether gender is confounder.
ii) A case-control study of relationship between liver cirrhosis among both non alcoholics and alcoholics. Describe whether smoking is confounder.
iii) Interpret results of the following studies
Odds ratio of 1.2 (95% confidence interval: 0.8-1.5) is found for association of low socioeconomic status and occurrence of obesity.