a. California had 196 deaths from heart disease and 154 deaths from cancer per 100,000 residents. Which rate is more extreme compared to other states? Why?
b. Florida had 295 deaths from heart disease and 234 deaths from cancer per 100,000 residents. Which rate is more extreme?
c. Colorado had an unusually low rate of heart disease, 143 deaths per 100,000 residents. Hawaii had an unusually low rate of cancer, 156 deaths per 100,000 residents. Which is more extreme?

example:
In the United States, heart disease kills roughly one-and-a-quarter times as many people as cancer. If you look at the death rate per 100,000 residents by state, the distributions for the two diseases are roughly normal, provided you leave out Alaska and Utah, which are outliers because of their unusually young populations. The means and standard deviations for all 50 states are given here.