A 1000 W heater is used to heat 1.0 kg of ice initially at -20 °C until it is transformed into steam at 120 °C and 1.0 atm. How many minutes does it take:

(a) To raise the temperature of the ice to 0 °C?

(b) To melt the ice?

(c) To heat the water to 100 °C?

(d) To boil the water?

(e) To heat the steam to 120 °C?

The constant-pressure specific of the steam is 0.452 kcal kg-1 K-1. Other data are available in Tables 1.2 and 5.1.