1.Which of the following is an enduring change of behavior that results from experience?

a) Learning
b) Managerial sense-making
c) Organizational tracking
d) Lifelong careers
e) Managerial scholarship

2. According to Archie B. Carroll, the majority of managers are:

a) immoral.
b) amoral.
c) moral.
d) mindful.
e) none of the above.

3. According to Robert Katz, the essential skills of management can be grouped into which of the following three categories

a) Communicative, procedural, and strategic.
b) Communicative, technical, and human.
c) Human, supervisory, and conceptual.
d) Technical, human, and conceptual.
e) Procedural, supervisory, and strategic.

4. The shared beliefs and values that influence the behavior of organizational members refers to organizational:

a) mission.
b) purpose.
c) strategy.
d) culture.
e) stakeholders.

5. Which traits are associated with the "Big Five" personality dimension of extraversion?

a) Outgoing, sociable, and assertive
b) Good-natured, trusting, and cooperative
c) Responsible, dependable, and persistent
d) Unworried, secure, and relaxed
e) Imaginative, curious, and broad-minded

6. __________ occurs when individuals express positive feelings upon encountering others who exhibit values similar to their own.

a) Personal consistency
b) Theoretical consistency
c) Personal congruence
d) Value performance
e) Value congruence

7. __________ in organizations emphasizes appreciation of differences in creating a setting where everyone feels valued and accepted.

a) Employee appreciation
b) Valuing diversity
c) Diversity divergence
d) Employee valuation
e) Employee tolerance

8. Estimates indicate that __________ Americans have one or more physical or mental disabilities.

a) 10 million
b) 20 million
c) 30 million
d) 40 million
e) 50 million

9. The degree of loyalty an individual feels toward the organization is known as __________.

a) job satisfaction
b) organizational commitment
c) job involvement
d) employee engagement
e) organizational citizenship

10. Which work attitude reflects feelings that the job serves one's financial, developmental, and professional interests?

a) Rational commitment
b) Emotional commitment
c) Job involvement
d) Spillover effect
e) Employee engagement

11. Which of the following statements about attitudes is false?

a) Attitudes are influenced by values.
b) Attitudes are acquired from the same sources as values.
c) Attitudes focus on specific people or objects.
d) Attitudes are more stable than values.
e) Attitudes are hypothetical constructs.

12. Social emotions refer to __________.

a) an individual's feelings based on information internal to himself or herself
b) an individual's feelings based on information external to himself or herself
c) group feelings based on information internal to themselves
d) group feelings based on information external to themselves
e) an individual's feelings based on information internal and external to himself or herself

13.Which of the following sets of items relate to the perceiver as a factor influencing of the perceptual process?

a) Physical, social, and organizational contexts
b) Past experiences, needs or motives, personality, values, and attitudes
c) Contrast, intensity, figure-ground separation, size, motion, and repetition/novelty
d) Attitudes, physical characteristics, contrast, and size
e) Values, organizational norms, motion, and repetition/novelty

14. Projection is especially likely to occur in the __________ stage of perception.

a) attention
b) organization
c) interpretation
d) selection
e) retrieval

15. The factors that influence the perceptual process include characteristics regarding the __________.

a) inputs, throughputs, and outputs
b) information, facts, and data
c) perceiver, setting, and perceived
d) perceiver, intention, and consequence
e) intention, meaning, and result

16. __________ is the withdrawal of negative consequences, which tends to increase the likelihood of repeating the desirable behavior in similar settings.

a) Positive reinforcement
b) Extinction
c) Negative reinforcement
d) Punishment
e) Parallel reinforcement

17. The creation of a new behavior by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior is called __________.

a) imitation
b) portrayal
c) modeling
d) shaping
e) representation

18. Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as lower-order needs?

a) Esteem, social, and safety
b) Self-actualization and esteem
c) Safety, self-actualization, and social
d) Social and esteem
e) Self-actualization and physiological

19. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)?

a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization
b) Esteem, safety, social, physiological, and self-actualization
c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety
d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem

20. Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs?

a) Esteem, social, and safety
b) Self-actualization and esteem
c) Safety, self-actualization, and social
d) Social and esteem
e) Self-actualization and physiological

21. Which of the following is classified as a content theory?

a) ERG theory
b) Expectancy theory
c) Goal-setting theory
d) Equity theory
e) All of the above

22. The most common form of __________ is a "4-40" schedule--that is, 40 hours of work is accomplished in four 10-hour days.

a) the compressed workweek
b) job sharing
c) flexible working hours
d) job simplification
e) telecommuting

23. The degree to which the job gives the employee substantial freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling the work and determining the procedures used in carrying it out is referred to as:

a) skill variety.
b) task identity.
c) autonomy.
d) job feedback.
e) task significance.

24. Job simplification is a job design approach that __________.

a) identifies the best job-fits between job applicants and job requirement
b) ensures that jobs do not become too difficult to perform over time
c) standardizes work procedures and employs people in clearly defined and highly specialized tasks
d) uses simple checklists to monitor high job performance
e) creates many opportunities for promotions into more complex jobs

25. __________ is a method of performance appraisal that uses a small number of performance categories, such as "very good," "good," "adequate," and "very poor," and slots a certain proportion of people into each category.

a) Paired comparison

b) Critical incident diary

c) Forced distribution

d) Ranking

e) Management by objectives