1. Ethics involves making judgments about:
a. how to live a "good" life
b. what "good" means
c. what is absolute truth
d. what is right or wrong
2. Normative ethics is a form of ethics devised to assist in:
a. Deciding which system of ethics is best.
b. Making decisions about the proper behavior.
c. Deciding what is good or right in the abstract
d. Deciding which government or agency policies are best.
3. The study of ethics is especially important in criminal justice because:
a. unethical behavior is more rampant in criminal justice that other fields
b. ethics is not studied at police academies
c. CJ professionals have historically ignored ethics in their decision making
d. the potential of abuse of discretion and the powers of arrest and use of force society grants to law enforcement personnel
4. Ethical relativism assumes that:
a. All issues are related.
b. What is right or ethical may vary from person to person or culture to culture.
c. Answers to ethical questions are relative to the etiology of the problem.
d. All people on the planet are related to each other in a symbiotic relationship.
5. Proponents of which ethical theory argue that every society has a different moral code that explains which acts are permitted or not?
a. Ethical relativism
b. Cultural relativism
c. Extreme or individual relativism
d. Ethical absolutism
6. Ethical absolutism assumes that:
a. There is an eternal, unchanging moral law that applies everywhere to everyone.
b. There are absolutely no moral universals.
c. There are many possible ethical truths.
d. No set of moral rules is absolutely true in all times and all places.
7. Ethical pluralism argues that in most situations:
a. There are a lot of alternatives but only one can be correct.
b. The principle with which the greatest number of people agree is the correct principle.
c. There are many truths rather than a single truth.
d. Ethical absolutism applies only when there are a large number of ethical options.
8. The principles of understanding, tolerance, standing up and fallibility are all parts of the theory of ethical:
a. Relativism.
b. Pluralism.
c. Absolutism.
d. Exoneration
9. The principle of understanding requires that we:
a. appreciate the meaning of ethical standards in other cultures from the perspective of those cultures
b. accept the existence of differences but deny diversity in ethical standards
c. be prepared to stand up against moral wrongdoing by creating more laws
d. be prepared to learn from other cultures yet have our own moral codes
10. Divine Command Theory argues that:
a. religion is the only basis one should use to make moral decisions
b. natural law and religion command that individuals do the right thing
c. What is morally right is what God directs, and conversely, what is morally wrong is what God prohibits.
d. we are unable to be critical thinkers if we do not value religion
11. The idea of natural law is:
a. is almost identical to religious law
b. we can identify some factors that are common to our human nature
c. that a behavior is natural because God commands it
d. God commands a law because it is natural
12. laws conflict with ethical standards.
a. Always
b. Never
c. Maybe
d. Sometimes
13. An ethical dilemma can arise when a person:
a. Is faced with choices that involve conflicting ethical principles.
b. Knowingly decides to violate the clearly applicable ethical principle.
c. Is punished for making an ethical decision.
d. Cannot determine which ethical principles apply.
14. Ethical issues:
a. Do not require individual decision making beyond the decision of whether one is in favor of, or opposed to, a particular social issue
b. Do not require most individuals to decide the issue does not mean an individual is helpless to influence public debate on a social issue
c. Usually and issue of public policy
d. All of the above
15. Personal values are:
a. Deciding what is good or right in the abstract
b. Deciding which government or agency policies are best.
c. What individuals care about and what they think is important
d. Deciding which system of ethics is best.