1. Two psychology students are in a heated discussion about the nature of prejudice. Mavis insists that that when people get their identity from membership in a political action group, they will generally express ethnocentrism. Martin argues that with or without ethnocentrism, social identity based in group membership is inevitably associated with the demonization of minority groups. Who is correct?
- Neither Mavis nor Martin is correct.
- Both Mavis and Martin are correct.
- Martin is correct.
- Mavis is correct.
2. Which of the following statements regarding the nature of stress is true?
- Continued exposure to stress is associated with the secretion of stress-related hormones.
- Psychophysiological disorders are primarily mental disorders.
- Cataclysmic events such as earthquakes are, inevitably, the most devastating stressors for most people.
- Accumulating hassles may well lead to a sudden onset of PTSD.
3. In the "teacher-learner" experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram, ______ percent of the experimental subjects eventually applied the "lethal" 450-volt shock to the "learner."
4. In the context of stress, the flip side of an uplift is
- a hassle.
- background chaos.
- a personal stressor.
- any cataclysmic event.
5. The concept of aggression cues is associated with
- observational learning theories.
- social learning theories.
- frustration-aggression theory.
- the work of animal behaviorist Konrad Lorenz.
6. In hearing a persuasive message, some people will evaluate it in terms of factors that have nothing to do with the content of the message. When this happens, psychologists speak of _______ route processing.
- incidental
- inductive
- central
- peripheral
7. The more people there are at the scene of an accident, the less likely it is that individuals will step up to lend a hand. This phenomenon is referred to as
- diffusion of responsibility.
- antisocial behavior.
- crowd apathy.
- diffusion of interest.
8. In respect to the foundations of prejudice, social identity theory is associated with the concept of
- self-fulfilling prophecy.
- ethnocentrism.
- modern racism.
- stereotypical discrimination.
9. According to your text, whether you're persuaded by a message will primarily depend on which factor?
- Your characteristics, including your personality and intelligence
- Whether you receive the message while at work or at home
- Your perception or understanding of the recipient of the message
- The nature of the message as it relates to your temperament
10. Which statement about stress is true?
- A job promotion qualifies as a personal stressor.
- Stress is rarely related to how we perceive a situation.
- Background stressors include daily hassles.
- Cataclysmic events always produce profound and lingering stress.
11. Sternberg's model of the kinds of love identifies which of the following basic components?
- Commitment/decision
- Consummate attraction
- Spirituality
- Sexuality
12. Which statement best expresses the concept of the self-serving bias?
- We nearly always assume that other people's failures are due to their personal characteristics.
- We attribute our successes to our skills and abilities and our failures to external factors.
- We tend to think other people are similar to us, even when we first meet them.
- We assume that situational causes are brought about by the environment.
13. Which of the following statements about inequality in the distribution of household income in the United States is true?
- It's present now, but it wasn't present in the early years of our history.
- It has declined in recent decades.
- It has increased in recent decades.
- It hasn't changed at all in the last 50 years.
14. The notion of a culture of poverty suggests that
- American cultural values emphasize the importance of poverty as an incentive to work.
- poor people don't actually have a culture.
- poverty drives people to abandon middle-class values in favor of living for the moment.
- people who grow up in poverty have no exposure to middle-class values.
15. Which of the following appears to be universally true across nearly all cultures?
- Women have less power than men.
- Female children are more valued than male children.
- Women prefer monogamy.
- Violence against women isn't tolerated.
16. What is the most stable measure of socioeconomic status?
- Income
- Lifestyle
- Honor
- Occupational prestige