1. From 1789 through 1870, the last names of associate justices appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court were as coded below. Last names beginning with A-M are shown as a "1," those beginning with N-Z as a "2." Compare the observed number of runs with the expected number, then interpret what this difference might mean in terms of the sequence of the appointees. At the 0.10 level of significance, test the randomness of this series.

Source: Time Almanac 2003, p.  91.

2  2  1  1  1  1  2  1  2  1  1  1  2  1  2  2  2 1

1  2  1  1  1  1  2  2  1  1  1  1  2  1  1  1  2 1

2. Franchise headquarters claims it randomly selected the local franchises that received surprise visits during the past year. The sequence of visits is as shown below for male (M) versus female (F) managers. Using the 0.10 level of significance, evaluate the randomness of the sequence.

F M  M  M  F  M  F  M  F  M  F  F  M M  F  M  F  M  M  M  F  M  M    F

3. A random sample of recent LSAT (Law School Admission Test) scores submitted by applicants to a university's law program are as listed below. Using the 0.10 level of significance, apply the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality in examining whether the scores could have come from a normally distributed population.

142    161    142    149    147    145    164   170