1. Define in your words nominal, ordinal and interval-ratio levels of measurement. Provide 3 examples for each level of measurement.
2. Imagine that you are interested in understanding and comparing American and German attitudes on forming international agreements versus having countries 'go it alone' on important issues in foreign policy (e.g., intervening militarily in other countries to fight terrorism). The following table contains information on the attitudes of American and German citizens.
|
International agreements should be made
|
United States
|
Germany
|
|
Strongly agree
|
298
|
876
|
|
.Agree
|
865
|
763
|
|
Neither agree nor disagree
|
421
|
348
|
|
Disagree
|
123
|
125
|
|
Strongly disagree
|
57
|
12
|
|
Total
|
1,764
|
2,124
|
a. Indicate the mode for the United States.
b. Calculate the median for the United States.
c. Indicate the mode for Germany.
d. Calculate the median for Germany.
e. In which country is there greater support for forging international agreements (rather than 'going it alone)?
3. The following table lists the number of text messages sent per day in a sample of college students and a sample of their parents.
|
College students
|
Parents
|
|
43
|
24
|
|
12
|
0
|
|
14
|
20
|
|
13
|
17
|
|
54
|
3
|
|
7
|
21
|
|
50
|
10
|
|
15
|
15
|
|
21
|
5
|
|
21
|
10
|
- Compute the mode, median and mean for the college students'
- Compute the mode, median and mean for the parents' data
- Based on shape of distribution for each sample, which measure of central tendency is the most appropriate for describing each sample? Explain how describing each sample with only the most appropriate measure might be misleading.
- Compute range, inter-quartile range, variance and standard deviation mean for the college students'
- Compute range, inter-quartile range, variance and standard deviation mean for the parents' data
- Compare and interpret measures of central tendency and variability for the college students' and parents' data
4. The following frequency distribution table lists the time (in minutes) that students were late for the classes.
|
Time (min)
|
Frequency
|
|
0
|
3
|
|
2
|
5
|
|
5
|
12
|
|
7
|
15
|
|
10
|
1
|
- How would you describe the shape of this distribution and why?
- Compute the mode, median and mean for the distribution.
- Find range, inter-quartile range, variance and standard deviation.
5. A sociologist ranked 80 political and economic leaders in a major cities of the republic into 24 categories of power, i.e., those with the greatest amount of power were ranked "24", those with the second greatest amount of power were ranked "23", etc., all the way down to those with the least power ranked "1". She than reduced the number of ranked categories down to 8 by constructing the following grouped frequency distribution:
|
X
|
F
|
|
22-24
|
4
|
|
19-21
|
12
|
|
16-18
|
28
|
|
13-15
|
14
|
|
10-12
|
10
|
|
07-09
|
6
|
|
04-06
|
3
|
|
01-03
|
3
|
Find the mode and the median for this distribution.
SPSS problem
6. Design SPSS database with at least three variables: one should be nominal, one - ordinal and one - interval-ratio. The database should contain information of at least 10 cases. Upload your database to E-course system for the course.
7. Using MTF2006, investigate respondents' opinion of police performance (POLICE) and military performance (MILITARY).
a. First, identify the level of measurement for each variable.
b. Based on the level of measurement for each variable, what would be the appropriate measures of central tendency? What are the appropriate measures of variability?
c. Use SPSS and your calculator if necessary to calculate the appropriate measures of central tendency and variability for each variable.
d. Do respondents more positively view police or military performance? Compare and interpret measures of central tendency and variability for both variables.
e. Examine whether or not your answer toward (d) varies by gender. Hint: You want to use the Data and Split File feature.