1. A sports researcher gave a standard written test of eating habits to 12 randomly selected professionals, four each from baseball, football, and basketball. The results were as follows:
|
Eating Habits Scores
|
|
Baseball Players
|
Football Players
|
Basketball Players
|
|
34
|
27
|
35
|
|
18
|
28
|
44
|
|
21
|
67
|
47
|
|
65
|
42
|
61
|
Is there a difference in eating habits among professionals in the three sports? (Use the .05 significance level.)
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b. Sketch the distribution involved.
c. Determine effect size.
2. To study the effectiveness of treatments for insomnia, a sleep researcher conducted a study with 12 participants.
Four participants were instructed to count sheep (Sheep Condition), four were told to concentrate on their breathing (Breathing Condition), and four were not given any special instructions. Over the next few days, measures were taken of how many minutes it took each participant to fall asleep.
The average times for the participants in the Sheep Condition were 14, 28, 27, and 31; for those in the Breathing Condition, 25, 22, 17, and 14; and for those in the control condition, 45, 33, 30, and 41.
Do these results suggest that the different techniques have different effects?
(Use the .05 significance level.)
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b. Sketch the distribution involved.
c. Figure the effect size of the study.
d. Explain your findings (including the logic of comparing within-group to between-group population variance estimates,
how each of these is figured, and the F distribution).
2. High school juniors planning to attend college were randomly assigned to view one of four videos about a particular college, each differing according to what aspect of college life was emphasized: athletics, social life, scholarship, or artistic/cultural opportunities. After viewing the videos, the students took a test measuring their desire to attend this college. The results were as follows:
|
Desire to Attend this College
|
|
Athletics
|
Social Life
|
Scholarship
|
Art/Cultural
|
|
68
|
89
|
74
|
76
|
|
56
|
78
|
82
|
71
|
|
69
|
81
|
79
|
69
|
|
70
|
77
|
80
|
65
|
Do these results suggest that the type of activity emphasized in a college film affects desire to attend that college? (Use the .01 significance level.)
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b. Sketch the distribution involved.
c. Figure the effect size of the study.
d. Explain the logic of what you have done to a person who is unfamiliar with the analysis of variance.
3. A team of psychologists designed a study in which 12 psychiatric patients diagnosed as having generalized anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to one of three new types of therapy, here labeled X, Y, and Z. One year after therapy, the patients' overall mental health scores were as follows:
|
Mental Health Assessment
|
|
Therapy X
|
Therapy Y
|
Therapy Z
|
|
85
|
78
|
79
|
|
79
|
81
|
83
|
|
84
|
68
|
75
|
|
67
|
75
|
74
|
Do these results suggest that the different therapies have different effects on mental health?
(Use the .05 level.)
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b. Sketch the distribution involved.
c. Explain your results.