1. A reflex, like automatically removing your hand from a hot stove, involves pain messages sent to the spinal cord by way of _______ neurons, while the movement of your hand is controlled by _______ neurons.

A. somatic; sensory

B. sensory; motor

C. somatic; sympathetic

D. motor; sensory

2. By means of introspection, Dr. Marsh attempts to determine the components of things like perception, thinking, and consciousness. By contrast, Dr. Smyth wants to understand what the mind does in producing different kinds of behavior. We can reasonably assume that Dr. Marsh's research is mainly guided by the principles of

A. structuralism.

B. objectivism.

C. functionalism.

D. Gestalt psychology.

3. Under Weber's law, we'll notice a stimulus difference such that it will be a constant proportion of the intensity of the initial stimulus. Thus, for weight, we'll notice a 1-ounce difference in a weight of 50 ounces. Weber's law applies most directly to the concept of

A. sensory adaptation.

B. perceived stimulus.

C. difference threshold.

D. absolute threshold.

4. Jason argues that the pituitary gland's only purpose is regulating the activity of other glands in the body. Barbara maintains that the pituitary gland also regulates growth. Who is correct?

A. Jason is correct.

B. Barbara is correct.

C. Both are partially correct.

D. Neither is correct.

5. Among the advanced technologies used to study the brain's structure and functions, which one provides detailed three-dimensional images of the brain's structures and activities?

A. Electroencephalogram

B. Positron emission tomography

C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging

D. Transcranial magnetic stimulation

6. I study a sample of 100 high school students and find that student IQ scores increase significantly as the level of reported parental income increases. I can conclude from this that

A. there's a negative relationship between parental income and children's IQ scores.

B. students get smarter when their parents earn more money.

C. there's a positive correlation between parental income and children's IQ scores.

D. higher parental income causes an increase in children's IQ scores.

7. Regarding the trichromatic theory of color vision, which statement is most accurate?

A. The theory helps us understand why we see afterimages of different colors.

B. The theory maintains that receptor cells are grouped in pairs, such as black-white.

C. Specialized cells in the retina engage in a process called feature detection.

D. Specialized cells in the retina are sensitive to blue-violet, green, and yellow.

8. You could locate receptor sites involved in transmitting a nerve impulse by finding the

A. myelin.

B. endorphins.

C. synapse.

D. neural regulators.

9. The left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is more specialized in language functions and processing information sequentially. The right hemisphere tends to specialize in spatial perception and distinguishing patterns. These are examples of cortex

A. adaptation.

B. lateralization.

C. evolution.

D. neuroplasticity.

10. If you adopt the _______ perspective, you'll reject an emphasis on what goes on in people's minds in favor of focusing on measurable behaviors that can be objectively measured.

A. behavioral

B. neuroscience

C. psychodynamic

D. cognitive

11. In the ear, the basilar membrane and hair cells are found in the

A. oval window.

B. auditory nerve.

C. cochlea.

D. anvil and stirrup.

12. A clinical experiment is designed in such a way that neither the researchers dispensing a treatment nor the persons in the experimental or control groups know if they're getting a sugar pill or a new drug. This sort of experimental design is employing a/an _______ procedure.

A. placebo

B. experimenter expectations

C. reverse psychology

D. double-blind

13. Regarding taste and smell, which statement is true?

A. So-called supertasters may be inclined to obesity.

B. Women tend to have a better sense of smell than men.

C. People often have a very short memory of smells.

D. Taste buds wear out and are replaced about every 25 days.

14. Agatha maintains that people are capable of freely making voluntary choices. Constance is mainly focused on how aggression is caused by genetic inheritance. It seems reasonable to assume that Constance isn't much interested in environmental factors impacting behavior while Agatha rejects

A. heredity.

B. determinism.

C. introspection.

D. mental processes.

15. According to a Gestalt principle called _______, when we're looking at a crowd of people, we tend to perceive people grouped close together as belonging to a common or related group.

A. proximity

B. simplicity

C. closure

D. expectancy

16. In conducting an experiment, I divide a sample group of 60 children into two groups of 30 that I call group A and group B. To make sure the two groups are similar in terms of age, IQ, and so on, I'll assign people to either group, A or B, using a/an ________ assignment procedure, such as a coin toss, where heads sends a subject to group A and tails sends a subject to group B.

A. subjective

B. experimental

C. independent

D. random

17. Which statement is true?

A. Bottom-up processing allows us to fill in the gaps in an incomplete or ambiguous pattern.

B. Bottom-up processing is guided by experience, expectations, and motivations.

C. Top-down processing allows us to fill in the gaps in an incomplete or ambiguous pattern.

D. Top-down processing is a process of recognizing and processing components of a pattern.

18. You'll need to select a sample that represents a larger group when you're conducting

A. a case study.

B. survey research.

C. naturalistic observation.

D. archival research.

19. In the autonomic division of the nervous system, preparing the body for action underconditions of stress is to the sympathetic division as pupil contraction and uninhibited digestive processes are to the _______ division.

A. peripheral-somatic

B. peripatetic

C. peripheral-autonomous

D. parasympathetic

20. Regarding depth perception, which statement is true?

A. Motion parallax is detected because we perceive binocular disparity.

B. Texture gradient is a monocular cue.

C. The change in position of an object relative to the retina is a binocular cue.

D. Experience teaches us to perceive relative size as an indicator of the color of an object.

21. I'm interested in how human behavior may be genetically inherited from our remote ancestors, such as chimpanzees. My field of interest is

A. behavioral genetics.

B. chemical psychobiology.

C. clinical neuropsychology.

D. evolutionary psychology.

22. Rods are to light intensity as cones are to

A. the iris.

B. the retina.

C. color perception.

D. the optic nerve.

23. In a neuron, the myelin sheath serves to insulate

A. the axon.

B. dendrites.

C. the cell body.

D. terminal buttons.

24. In my research, I want to compare levels of test anxiety among high school students in grades 10 and 12. My hypothesis is that seniors will have higher levels of test anxiety than sophomores. My _______ definition of test anxiety for each person in my sample will be a self-reported test-anxiety level, marked in a questionnaire as "high," "moderate," or "low."

A. operational

B. functional

C. subjective

D. theoretical

25. Within the cerebral cortex, the _______ area is found in the occipital lobe.

A. main auditory

B. somatosensory

C. association

D. visual