1. The 3Z Company has estimated that a major project has an expected internal rate of return (IRR) of 18 percent. The most optimistic estimate of the project's IRR is 24 percent, and the most pessimistic estimate is 12 percent. The company expects that its most optimistic estimate of the project's achieved IRR will not be exceeded more than 10 percent of the time. Similarly, 3Z managers do not expect an achieved IRR that is below 12 percent more than 10 percent of the time. The weighted cost of capital is 14 percent. What is the probability that this project will generate returns less than 3Z's weighted cost of capital?

2. An investment your firm is considering will cost you $5 million today. You expect to receive $7 million one year from now from the sale of the investment. You also expect to receive $500,000 in income from the investment at the end of one year. The expected sales price of $7 million is normally distributed with a standard deviation of $1 million. If you require a 10 percent rate of return on risk-free projects and a 15 percent rate of return on projects such as this, what contribution will this project make to your firm's value, after considering the riskiness of the projected returns?

3. You have estimated the expected NPV from a project to be $3 million with a standard deviation of $4 million. The distribution of the possible NPVs is approximately normal. If you are willing to accept a 25 percent chance of incurring a negative NPV on the project, should it be undertaken?