When the manufacturer of L'Oreal shampoo introduced shampoos designed specifically to appeal to preteens, the product was:

a. not considered new, because the product was not discontinuous
b. not accepted well in the market until a personal selling campaign was launched
c. easily sold to many foreign countries using the same, popular L'Oreal brand name
d. an ex of inventing a product and then trying to create a need
e. a new product because it was an improvement or revision of an existing product