1. In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?
they have been investigated before
they are available to investigate
they are not of interest to you
they do not lead to another question
2. Identify and select the correct order of steps in scientific inquiry.
a. formulating a hypothesis, collecting relevant information, testing the hypothesis, working with the hypothesis reconsidering the theory, asking new questions, identifying the important factors, collecting relevant information asking the question, identifying the important factors, asking new questions, testing the hypothesis asking new questions, reconsidering the theory, working with the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis
3. Nonexperimental research methods consist of which of the following?
test causal relationships between variables
only describe characteristics of existing phenomenon
can be descriptive, historical or correlational
examine factors that are not related
Hannah assigns children to different teaching method groups and tests their math performance after six weeks. This is an example of what type of research?
descriptive
historical
experimental
uncontrolled
5. Which of the following methods provides information about past trends?
historical
correlational
experimental
descriptive
Matthew thinks that there is a relationship between parenting style and self-esteem in children. Which research method should he use?
correlational
quasi-experimental
descriptive
historical
7. When variables compete to explain the same effects, what are they sometimes called?
contradictory
intertwining
confounding
interdependent
8. What is another term for the independent variable?
treatment variable
dependent variable
control variable
factorial variable
What type of variable masks the true relationship between the independent and dependent
variables?
extraneous variable
moderator variable
control variable
neutral variable
10. Why is a null hypothesis said to be implied?
a.lt's always directly tested.
It's never directly tested.
You do not need to test it to know that it is false.
It is stated in a question form.
The interpretation of "differences are significant" means that the differences found
are _
probably not due to chance
due to chance
creative outcomes
not dictated by the hypothesis
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12. The best dependent variable is defined by which of the following characteristics?
independent of any other variable in the same study
sensitive to changes in the treatment
can be manipulated by the researcher
interacts with the independent variable
13. Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic?
personal experience
getting an idea from your advisor
looking for the next step in the research process
All of the above.
14. Which type of source is NOT typically included in a literature review?
tertiary sources
general sources
secondary sources
primary sources
15. What is one of the advantages of using online search services?
you are not likely to miss very much
this is an outdated method
it IS stated In a declarative form
you can enter the data for anyone reference using a standard form
16. Forcing someone to participate in a study is an example of what ethical issue/concern?
protection from harm
maintenance of privacy
informed consent
coercion
17. What is the best definition of an institutional review board?
a group of people who make decisions regarding an institution's human resources
a group of people found in most public institutions and private agencies who render a
judgment as to whether experiments carried out in their facilities are free from risk
a group of people who review the literature produced by researchers in their
institution in order to keep an accounting of it
d. a group of people representing many different institutions who meet to review the
current literature in their respective fields
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18. What does the ethical principle of "sharing benefits" mean?
a. all participants in the same study should receive an equal share of the benefits or
subject payments
b. all those who belong to the population being studied will share equally from the
benefits the study produces
the results of studies must be shared with the public so society may benefit from the
increased knowledge
all groups involved in a study should eventually be given an opportunity to receive any
treatments that were found to be effective in the study
19. Which is NOT a component of informed consent?
the purpose of the research
who you are
how the participant can get a copy of the records
a computer simulation of the data
20. What is the purpose of a table of random numbers?
determine the number of subjects in a study
decide what statistical test to use
randomly assign people to groups
number items on a questionnaire
21. What does generalizability refer to?
results that may be applied to different populations in different settings
results that apply only to the sample studied
convenience sampling
using a table of random numbers
22. A table of random numbers _
is used in nonprobability sampling methods
can be used to create a stratified sample
works well with convenience sampling
is a list of ordered numbers from which the researcher closes his eyes and randomly
points until he obtains the desired number for his sample
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23. What is the most unbiased tool that can be used in random selection?
random sampling
table of random numbers
quota sampling
direct sampling
24. When is a stratified sample an appropriate sampling technique?
specific characteristics of the population are of no concern
individuals in a population are not equal
each member must have an equal chance of being selected
you have a small population
25. Which of the following is NOT a probability sampling method?
simple random sampling
quota sampling
stratified sampling
cluster sampling