1. Management accountants usually plan for a small positive cash balance in their cash budgets for all of the following reasons except:

a) It provides for unexpected emergencies.
b) Keeping the balance as small as possible is an important way to effectively manage cash.
c) It provides a safety buffer for variations from plan.
d) It provides funds in case of major capital expenditures

2. Labor efficiency has sometimes been incorrectly referred to in class as the

a) materials quantity variance.
b) total labor variance.
c) labor quantity variance.
d) labor rate variance.
e) (standard material, plus standard labor, plus standard overhead) times the controllable scrap rate.

3. The standard price and standard quantity of direct materials are separated because:

a) usually direct materials prices are controlled by the purchasing department, and quantity of direct materials used is controlled by the production department.
b) GAAP reporting requires this separation.
c) standard quantities are more difficult to estimate than standard prices.
d) standard prices change more frequently than standard quantities.
e) it is required by the matching principle.