Learning Outcomes
1. Identify and critically analyse principles and trends in Performance Measurement and Control.
2. Determine the different budgeting techniques and critically evaluate their use in short term decision making
3. Analyse the current approach to performance measurement and control in a selected global organisation and critically appraise suggestions for improvement of current practices
4. Critically appraise the application of performance criteria in Not for profit and Public sector organisations.
Part A: Performance Appraisal
Suppose you have recently been contracted as a financial consultant to a London-based engineering company, Alpha Products Plc. The company uses three components as part of their production process, namely, A, B and C. The budgeted production output for the forthcoming year is to produce 10,000 of each of the three components.
The variable production cost per unit of the final product is as follows:
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|
Machine hours
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Variable cost
|
|
|
|
£
|
|
1 unit of A
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6
|
65
|
|
1 unit of B
|
4
|
90
|
|
1 unit of C
|
8
|
60
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|
Assembly
|
|
50
|
|
|
Total
|
265
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Only 112,000 hours of machine time will be available during the year, and a sub-contractor has quoted the following unit prices for supplying the three components: A £72.50; B £100 and C £88.
Required:
Write a short report, intended for CEO of Alpha Products Plc, William Smith, who is not an accountant, advising him of the following:
(a) Using the above financial data provide calculations which support your advice to the company on whether it should produce the three components or outsource them.
(b) Explain the use of the principle of opportunity cost and why cost- minimisation and profit maximisation are compatible concepts and include a table showing the total variable cost of your selected production or purchasing plan.
(c) Critically discuss the practice of outsourcing and the problems you consider may be associated with this practice.
(d) Structure and presentation of the report
Part B: Methods of Overhead Allocation
A manufacturing company, based in Birmingham, makes auto parts for the motor industry. A division of the company makes two engine components, X and Y. Relevant information on the next budget period for these two components are given below:
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Product parts
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X
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Y
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Output in units:
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13,000
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15,000
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|
|
|
|
|
Cost per unit:
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|
|
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Direct material
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£45
|
£55
|
|
Direct labour
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£30
|
£25
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total machine hours
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2,500
|
2,300
|
|
Number of production runs
|
65
|
75
|
|
Orders executed
|
135
|
145
|
|
Number of shipments
|
40
|
35
|
The two components are similar and are usually produced in production runs of 200 units. The production overhead is currently absorbed by using a machine hour rate, and the total of the production overhead for the period has been analysed as follows:
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Overhead
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Budgeted cost
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Cost driver
|
|
|
£
|
|
|
Machine department costs
|
£360,000
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machine hours
|
|
Set-up costs
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£99,400
|
Number of production runs
|
|
Inspection/Quality control
|
£25,900
|
Number of production runs
|
|
Material handling
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£156,800
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Orders executed
|
|
Delivery
|
£26,250
|
Number of shipments
|
|
|
£668,350
|
|
Required:
(a) Using the Activity Based Cost information, compare the overhead cost per unit in £ and the percentages of overhead costs for the two parts, X and Y.
(b) Using the number of units to assign overhead costs to the parts, X and Y, (a traditional approach) compare the overhead cost per unit in £s and the percentages of overhead costs allocated for the two parts.
(c) Using the data available, explain the differences between the unit overhead costs in percentages between (a) and (b) above.
(d) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of organisational decentralisation.