Homework 3-
1. Calculation of GDP:
This problem will give you a chance to calculate GDP using several different methods. You should get the same value for GDP with each method.
Paradise Island produces coconuts and coconut pies, but nothing else. Some of the coconuts are consumed domestically, some are exported, and some are used to make pies. Some pies are consumed domestically and some are exported. All ingredients for making pies are imported except for coconuts. Labor is the only factor of production in Paradise Island.The government of Paradise Island purchases pies as part of a program for feeding the Island's poorest residents. The government funds this program entirely through a tax on households, where all of the taxes collected go to pay for the pie-purchasing program. Because the country is small, the world price prevails in local markets.
Consider the following data:
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2011 3rd Quarter
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Data from coconut factories
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Total labor hours worked:
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200,000 hours
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Coconut factory wage:
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$6/hour
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Total Coconuts Sold:
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240,000 coconuts
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Price of Coconuts:
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$5/coconut
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Data from Pie Factories
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Total labor hours worked:
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75,000 hours
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Pie factory wage:
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$12/hour
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Total pounds of non-coconut ingredient inputs:
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80,000 lbs.
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Price of non-coconut ingredients:
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$2.50/lb.
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Total coconut inputs:
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60,000 coconuts
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Total coconut pie sales:
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140,000 pies
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Price of pies:
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$10/pie
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Data from Households
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Coconuts consumed:
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160,000 coconuts
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Pies consumed:
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120,000 pies
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Government Data:
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Pies purchased by government:
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10,000pies
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Trade Data
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Pies exported:
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10,000 pies
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Coconuts exported:
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20,000 coconuts
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Ingredients imported:
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80,000 lbs.
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A. First, calculate GDP using the factor income approach.
B. Now we will use the value added approach to calculating GDP.
i. What is the total value added by the coconut factories?
ii. What is the total value added by the pie factories?
iii. What is the GDP?
C. Now we will use the expenditure approach to calculate GDP. [Note: This is the approach that uses equation (7-1) in your textbook. Investment has been left out of this problem for simplicity.]
i. Find the total consumer spending.
ii. Find the total government spending.
iii. Find the total spending on export goods.
iv. Find the total spending on import goods.
v. Find the GDP.
D. Draw a circular flow diagram for this economy showing the monetary flows in this economy. Be sure that inflows and outflows are equal for every market or sector of the diagram. (Hint: you can use the diagram in problem 1 on page 209 of your textbook as an example.)
2. Unemployment:
A. Suppose that in Macrostan, labor supply is given by W=2+(1/2)LS and labor demanded by firms is W=20-(3/2)LD, where W is the wage and L is the number of labor units. What minimum wage leads to structural unemployment of 12 labor units?
B. In January 2011, the government of Keynesland took a census count of its population. At this time, it documented 100,000 working-age adults, of whom 50,000 are employed and 40,000 do not participate in the work force.
i. What is Keynesland's unemployment rate?
ii. Suppose the January 2012 census discovers the following flows between January 2011 and January 2012.
Using this information, what is the January 2012 unemployment rate?
3. CPI. Table 2 lists the average prices faced by consumers (from 1980-2000) across ?ve categories of household expenditure: housing, clothing, fuel, food, and entertainment.
Table 2: Average Prices
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Year
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Housing
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Clothing
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Fuel
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Food
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Entertainment
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1990
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$100,000
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$25
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$2.50
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$4.00
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$5.00
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2000
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$150,000
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$50
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$3.00
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$5.00
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$10.00
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2010
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$125,000
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$50
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$4.00
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$8.00
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$20.00
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When calculating market basket expenditure, the Bureau of Labor Statistics wants you to use the following weights (?xed quantities) for each category of expenditure. These weights represent the portion of consumer spending on each of the categories. (For example, fuel price is per/gallon, but consumers don't just buy 1 gallon. They do, however, typically only buy 1 house, so the weights on prices must be different.)Assume that the weights do not change over time. Given market basket expenditure in each year, you can compute the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
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Category
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Weight
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Housing
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0.02
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Clothing
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0.10
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Fuel
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0.20
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Food
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0.50
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Entertainment
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0.18
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Even though Housing is very expensive, it only has a 2% weight on the CPI in this example. This means the market basket would be $100,000*0.02 + ...etc. for the year 1990.
a) Calculate the market basket expenditures for each year: 1990, 2000, 2010.
b) Calculate the CPI on a one hundred point scale for each year using 1990 as the base year.
c) Calculate the CPI on a one hundred point scale for each year using 2010 as the base year.
d) Compute the CPI growth rate from 1990-2000 and 2000-2010. What do these growth rates mean?
4. Data Acquisition of GDP:
Go to the Bureau of Economic Analysis online to find annual GDP figures for the United States (http://www.bea.gov/index.htm). To find GDP values, click on the "National" tab. Once there, you're looking for a link labeled: Current-dollar and "real" GDP (you can also type "current dollar and real GDP" into the search box on the home page and it should be the first link). This will download an excel file with annual US GDP for years 1929-2012 as well as quarterly GDP for years 1947-2012.
a) Find and report the annual nominal GDP value of the US for the year 2008, 2009, and 2010.
b) Find and report the annual real GDP value (in 2005 dollars) of the US for the year 2008, 2009, and 2010. Why do you think Real GDP fell between the years 2008-2009?
c) Find the real GDP value (in 2005 dollars) for the year you were born. Then find the percent increase in GDP from that year to 2012. This tells you how much the US GDP has grown since you were born. (Has the US real GDP doubled in value since you were born? Nominal GDP has nearly tripled since most of your TA's were born!)