Arndt, Inc., reported the following for 2013 and 2014 ($ in millions):
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a. Expenses each year include $30 million from a two year casualty insurance policy purchased in 2013 for $60 million. The cost is tax deductible in 2013.
b. Expenses include $2 million insurance premiums each year for life insurance on key executives.
c. Arndt sells one year subscriptions to a weekly journal. Subscription sales collected and taxable in 2013 and2014 were $33 million and $35 million, respectively. Subscriptions included in 2013 and 2014 financial reporting revenues were $25 million ($10 million collected in 2012 but not earned until 2013) and $33 million, respectively. Hint: View this as two temporary differences one reversing in 2013; one originating in 2013.
d. 2013 expenses included a $17 million unrealized loss from reducing investments (classified as trading securities) to fair value. The investments were sold in 2014.
e. During 2012, accounting income included an estimated loss of $5 million from having accrued a loss contingency. The loss was paid in 2013 at which time it is tax deductible.
f. At January 1, 2013, Arndt had a deferred tax asset of $6 million and no deferred tax liability.
Required:
1. Which of the five differences described are temporary and which are permanent differences? Why?
2. Prepare a schedule that (a) reconciles the difference between pretax accounting income and taxable income and (b) determines the amounts necessary to record income taxes for 2013. Prepare the appropriate journal entry.
3. Show how any 2013 deferred tax amounts should be classified and reported on the 2013 balance sheet.
4. Prepare a schedule that (a) reconciles the difference between pretax accounting income and taxable income and (b) determines the amounts necessary to record income taxes for 2014. Prepare the appropriate journal entry.
5. Explain how any 2014 deferred tax amounts should be classified and reported on the 2014 balance sheet.
6. Suppose that during 2014, tax legislation was passed that will lower Arndt's effective tax rate to 35% beginning in 2015. Repeat requirement4.