In the first quarter of 2009, President Obama pushed his massive fiscal stimulus package of $862 (It was originally at $787 billion) through the Congress and later passed by the House and the Senate, whose centerpiece was spending most of this stimulus funds in repairing and building infrastructure in transportation, healthcare, science and technology, and education. Pres. Obama also urged to make a modest tax cut for middle-income families making a household income less than $250K per year (it has been modified to $400k starting from January 2013). The push for this combined package of spending and partial tax cut was also criticized by several opponents in politics, academia, and businesses on the ground that the spending was too large under government financing to balance the growing budget deficit and national debt that might threaten future economic stability of the country.

A) What possible macroeconomic arguments might President Obama use to defend his $862 billion fiscal stimulus package as a part of his economic recovery plans? 5 pts.

B) What were the macroeconomic arguments the critics might have expressed in their opposition to stimulus package as a bad economic policy, and not just for the US, but also for the world economy? Do they sound to have a trickle down adverse effect in the current or future financial stability in the US and the World economy, say later in 2013 and beyond? Do you think this issue is also related to the current political rhetoric between the GOP and Democrats on raising the tax rates for the wealthy making over $250K annually and leave the Bush Tax cut for the middle class (expired on Dec 31, 2012, with modification of extending the tax cut up to $400K per household)? With the new fiscal bill of President Obama passed by the US Congress on Jan 2nd of 2013, how would it affect the economy in 2013 and beyond? 5 pts.

C) What would happen to the growth rate of the money supply if foreigners lost confidence in the US dollar as a result of current uncertainty over the crisis of the fiscal cliff in the US economy while the Fed was trying nonetheless to maintain its current historic low federal funds rate target? Explain briefly. 5 pts.

Hint: Please keep in mind that the question asked whether money supply growth rate will increase or not (by the Fed) and why so.

d) Using the Keynesian Cross model diagram (The diagram with 45 degree line by splitting AD (C+I+G+NX) on the vertical axis and RGDP on the horizontal axis, See in Ch. 9,10 & 13 of the textbook) and equation, critically and briefly illustrate the short run and long run economic impact (negative effect on RGDP growth, employment, and other variables) of Recent "Sequester" measure of $85 billion (automatic spending cut of Government spending, G) passed by the US Congress.

(Hint: The impact will be in terms of major macroeconomic variables of US economy such as GDP growth, unemployment rate, interest rates, and inflation). 3 pts.

However, many critics contended that this "sequester" measure is only temporary and too small given the $4T US government budget to have a significant impact on the economy. Therefore, many economists considered this spending cut as too small to bring the economy back into recession. Do you agree or disagree with this contention?

Hint: You may also observe he most recent economic trend and the stock prices in the Wall Street, especially during the end of the second quarter of 2013. 2 pts.

Also, as part of your answer, you may include all pros and cons you might think in supporting your answer. You may also give a reference to the most recent economic trends in the context of consumer confidence, political bickering on the issue of debt ceiling, and government shut-down, unemployment rate and job creation for Aug and Sep 2013, stock market volatility, Housing market rebound, etc.