What is the "putting out" system? What does it illustrate?

a. An experimental system in which white slave owners assigned slave families a plot of land, and let the slaves market X% of the resulting harvest. This illustrates that, potentially, at least, quasiwage systems could be used to increase incentives under slavery.

b. A system in which there is either only one employer or all employers have banded together. Workers not agreeing to wages and working conditions are placed on a "no hire" list. The system illustrates that good functioning labor markets need competition from both buyers and sellers.

c. A system in which commercial agents buy raw materials from many small producers, then distribute these materials to many individual craftsman for finishing. Finally, the agents sell the product. This system illustrates that specialization is possible without factory production.