What experiences effectively ended the loyalty and commitment-based contract that employees had developed with employers?

a. Employers began to say that employees were not that valuable to the company's success.

b. Employers took steps to cut costs through workforce reduction as the demands for global competitiveness increased.

c. Employers began to offer work-life balance perks to lure talented workers away from their current employers, and loyalty suffered.

d. Employees' desire for job security changed, and they no longer had a psychological need for security.

e. Employers felt that employees were not living up to the conditions of their psychological contracts.