True/False

1 A distribution from a corporation will be taxable to the recipient shareholders only to the extent of the corporation's E & P.

2 All distributions that are not dividends are a return of capital and decrease the shareholder's basis.

3 All cash distributions received from a corporation with a positive balance in accumulated E & P at the beginning of the year will be taxed as dividend income.

4 A distribution in excess of E & P is treated as capital gain by shareholders.

5 The terms "earnings and profits" and "retained earnings" are identical in meaning.

6 Regardless of any deficit in current E & P, distributions during the year are taxed as dividends to the extent of accumulated E & P.

7 In a property distribution, the amount of dividend income recognized by a shareholder is always reduced by the amount of liability assumed by a shareholder.

8 Business reasons, and not tax incentives, constitute the primary motivation for most corporations to form a conglomerate and file tax and financial accounting reports on a consolidated basis.

9 A consolidated Federal income tax return may be the product of a merger of the affiliates, or another corporate combination.

10 The consolidated return rules are designed to allow a tax-neutral means by which to elect to file on a consolidated basis.

11 Most of the Federal consolidated income tax return rules are found in detailed sections of the tax Regulations.

12 When the parent acquires 51% of a subsidiary U.S. corporation, the subsidiary can join the consolidated financial statements and the consolidated tax return of the parent.

13 A consolidated Federal income tax group must meet the eligibility requirements of the Regulations on the first day of the first year for which the election to consolidate is effective, and then on the last day of every succeeding tax year.

14 The right to file on a consolidated basis is available to a group of corporations when they constitute a "parent-subsidiary affiliated group."

15 A partnership is an association formed by two or more taxpayers (which may be any type of entity) to carry on a trade or business.

16 A limited partnership (LP) offers all partners protection from claims by the LP's creditors.

17 The taxable income of a partnership flows through to the partners, who report the income on their tax returns.

18 Jack and Jill formed the equal JJ Partnership during the current year, with Jack contributing $100,000 in cash and Jill contributing land (basis of $60,000, fair market value of $40,000) and equipment (basis of $0, fair market value of $60,000). Jill recognizes a $40,000 gain on the contribution and her basis in her partnership interest is $100,000.

19 Section 721 provides that no gain or loss is recognized on a contribution of property to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership. An exception might apply if the taxpayer receives a cash distribution from the partnership soon after the property contribution is made.

20 The primary purpose of the partnership agreement is to document the various tax elections made by the partners regarding depreciation methods, treatment of research and experimental costs, calculation of the § 199 deduction, and the § 754 election.