Q1. Explain a voting pattern using the actual votes taken by at least 15 legislators in the U.S. Congress, a State Legislature, a City Council, or a County Commission on a contested issue one in which each side gets at least 20 percent of the total votes. Make sure that there often is more disagreement over the amendments to a bill than over the final bill. Avoid straight party-line votes.

Q2. A factory produces widgets. It currently produces 10,000 widgets per day, which it can sell for a total profit of $25,000 per day. The factory's operation creates smoke that affects nearby homeowners, causing respiratory ailments and similar problems. At the current level of operation, the damage is $10,000 per day. The efficient level of operations is 8,000 widgets per day. At this level, the factory would generate profits of $20,000 per day, but the damage to nearby homeowners would be reduced to $2,500 per day. If the factory were shut down, it would generate zero profits, but the damage to nearby homeowners would also be reduced to zero.