Suppose there is a policy debate regarding the United States’ imposing trade restrictions on imported semiconductors:

A senator from a state with several semiconductor factories argues that the government should impose a tariff on semiconductors because they are a necessary input into the production of various weapons. Free trade would make the United States overly dependent on foreign countries for the supply of semiconductors. In case of a war, the United States might not be able to make or purchase enough semiconductors and, therefore, would not be able to make enough weapons to defend itself.

Which of the following justifications is the senator using to argue for the trade restriction on semiconductors?

1. Infant-industry argument

2. Using-protection-as-a-bargaining-chip argument

3. Jobs argument

4. Unfair-competition argument

5. National-security argument