Some collective bargaining agreements contain “union standards” clauses that prohibit the employer from subcontracting with firms that pay wages below those specified in the agreement. That is, the employer is prohibited from farming out work normally done in the plant to other firms (the subcontractors) if the subcontractors pay less than the union wage. What is the union’s rationale for seeking a union standards clause? Under what conditions will a union standards clause most likely be sought by a labor union?