Question: Theory of constraints, throughput margin, and relevant costs. Washington Industries manufactures electronic testing equipment. Washington also installs the equipment at customers' sites and ensures that it functions smoothly. Additional information on the manufacturing and installation departments is as follows (capacities are expressed in terms of the number of units of electronic testing equipment):

                                                               Equipment Manufactured                Equipment Installed

Annual capacity                                              285 units per year                     250 units per year

Equipment manufactured and installed                 250 units per year                     250 units per year

Washington manufactures only 250 units per year because the installation department has only enough capacity to install 250 units. The equipment sells for $55,000 per unit (installed) and has direct material costs of $30,000. All costs other than direct material costs are fixed. The following requirements refer only to the preceding data. There is no connection between the requirements.

1. Washington's engineers have found a way to reduce equipment manufacturing time. The new method would cost an additional $500 per unit and would allow Washington to manufacture 30 additional units a year. Should Washington implement the new method? Show your calculations.

2. Washington's designers have proposed a change in direct materials that would increase direct material costs by $2,000 per unit. This change would enable Washington to install 285 units of equipment each year. If Washington makes the change, it will implement the new design on all equipment sold. Should Washington use the new design? Show your calculations.

3. A new installation technique has been developed that will enable Washington's engineers to install 7 additional units of equipment a year. The new method will increase installation costs by $145,000 each year. Should Washington implement the new technique? Show your calculations.

4. Washington is considering how to motivate workers to improve their productivity (output per hour). One proposal is to evaluate and compensate workers in the manufacturing and installation departments on the basis of their productivities. Do you think the new proposal is a good idea? Explain briefly.