Question: Setting Standards, Materials and Labor Variances Tom Belford and Tony Sorrentino own a small business devoted to kitchen and bath granite installations. Recently, building contractors have insisted on up-front bid prices for a house rather than the cost-plus system that Tom and Tony were used to. They worry because natural flaws in the granite make it impossible to tell in advance exactly how much granite will be used on a particular job. In addition, granite can be easily broken, meaning that Tom or Tony could ruin a slab and would need to start over with a new one. Sometimes the improperly cut pieces could be used for smaller installations, sometimes not. All their accounting is done by a local certified public accounting firm headed by Charlene Davenport. Charlene listened to their concerns and suggested that it might be time to implement tighter controls by setting up a standard costing system. Charlene reviewed the invoices pertaining to a number of Tom and Tony's previous jobs to determine the average amount of granite and glue needed per square foot. She then updated prices on both materials to reflect current conditions. The standards she developed for one square foot of counter installed were as follows:

The actual wage rate for cutting and installation labor remained unchanged from the standard rate. Required:

1. Calculate the materials price variances and materials usage variances for granite and for glue for the past six months.

2. Calculate the labor rate variances and labor efficiency variances for cutting labor and for installation labor for the past six months.

3. Conceptual Connection: Would it be worthwhile for Charlene to establish standards for atypical jobs (such as those with more than one sink cut or wider than normal)?