Question 1
Yellow Communications Limited is a public company whose shares are traded on the TSX. The company is a diversified Canadian communications company whose core operations include cable, Internet, and satellite distribution systems.
Required
Based on the information in this question and the course material, answer the following questions:
1. What characteristics must the convertible bonds display in order to justify the accounting treatment followed on initial recognition?
2. How was the portion of the bonds assigned to debt on initial recognition valued?
3. A portion of the bonds was converted to common shares in 2012. What financial statement elements changed as a result, and by what dollar value? Be as specific as possible.
4. Describe the financial statement impact for the $276 of options recognized in 2012. (That is, what accounts changed because of this amount?) How was the recorded amount measured?
5. What amounts appear on the statement of cash flow (section, description, and amount) as a result of the transactions in shareholders' equity in 2012? Assume that the company uses the indirect presentation method for operating activities, and that dividends are included in operating activities. (Disregard cash flow disclosure for interest paid.)
YELLOW COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED
Selected Disclosure Notes
for the year ended December 31, 2012
Note 17
Convertible debentures
Convertible debentures are classified according to their liability and equity elements using the residual approach, whereby the company estimates the fair value of the liability element, both principal and interest, based on reference prices for debt that is not convertible. The residual value of the convertible debentures is assigned to the equity element. The liability element is classified as long-term debt, and the equity element is classified as a conversion option and recorded in the contributed surplus component of shareholders' equity. Upon conversion of debentures to common shares, a pro rata portion of the long-term debt, conversion option, and the unamortized discount will be transferred to share capital. If any convertible debentures mature without being converted, the residual conversion-option balance will remain in contributed surplus. The discount is amortized using the effective interest rate method over the term of the related debt. The unamortized discount is included in long-term debt and the amortization of the discount is included in interest expense.
Note 22
Stock-based compensation
The company uses the fair value-based method to account for stock options granted to employees and the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to measure the compensation expense. Compensation expense is recognized over the applicable vesting period with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. When the options are exercised, the proceeds received, together with the amount in contributed surplus, are credited to common share capital.
The following table is a summary of the plan during the year.
(Comparative data have been omitted.)
|
|
Number of options
|
2012
Weighted-average
exercise price
$
|
|
Outstanding, beginning of year
|
1,452,000
|
1.16
|
|
Issued
|
590,000
|
3.15
|
|
Exercised
|
(305,000)
|
0.92
|
|
Forfeited
|
(75,000)
|
4.52
|
|
|
|
Outstanding, end of year
|
1,662,000
|
|
|
Exercisable
|
650,000
|
1.95
|
The following table shows the assumptions used to determine the stock-based compensation expense using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:
|
|
2012
|
|
Compensation expense ($ thousands)
|
276
|
|
Fair value per option granted ($)
|
0.47
|
|
Assumptions:
|
|
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
3.11%
|
|
|
Expected dividend yield
|
0.05%
|
|
|
Expected volatility
|
32.40%
|
|
|
Expected time until exercise
|
5 years
|
Question 2
The IASB and FASB are jointly working on a revised standard in the leasing area, which is somewhat controversial. The proposed new standard would increase lease capitalization in the lessee's financial statements. Additional capitalization would potentially alter the basic relationships in the financial statements of companies that rely on what are now operating leases as a primary financing method.
The view of the proposed standard is that if a lessee obtains the right to use a leased item, over any term, the lessee would have an asset for the "right of use" and a liability for the rental payments. The present value of these payments, discounted using the lessee incremental borrowing rate, would be capitalized and the asset depreciated over the period of use. Therefore, essentially all leases would be financing leases, large (for longer lease contracts) or small (for shorter lease contracts). The judgmental review to determine lease classification, resting on transfer of title, length of lease, and present value, would be eliminated.
Required
1. Express Flight Ltd. has operating leases as of December 31, 2012, as described in Exhibit 3-1. The company's condensed December 31, 2012 statement of financial position is shown in Exhibit 3-2. Calculate the amount of additional capital assets and lease liability that the company would record if all these operating lease obligations were capitalized as of December 31, 2012.
2. State and justify two assumptions made in order to make the capitalization calculation in Requirement 1.
3. Calculate the debt-to-equity ratio (total debt ÷ total equity) before and after your calculation in Requirement 1.
4. Continent Jet Corporation describes its commitments under operating leases in the 2012 financial statements.
5. Compare your results for Express Flight Ltd. and Continent Jet Corporation. Comment on the quality-of-earnings implications.