Question - Basic Variance Analysis; the Impact of Variances on Unit Costs
Koontz Company manufactures a number of products. The standards relating to one of these products are shown below, along with actual cost data for May.
Standard Cost per UnitActual Cost per Unit Direct materials: Standard: 1.80 feet at $2.40 per foot$ 4.32 Actual: 1.75 feet at $2.60 per foot$ 4.55 Direct labor: Standard: 0.90 hours at $16.00 per hour14.40 Actual: 0.95 hours at $15.40 per hour14.63 Variable overhead: Standard: 0.90 hours at $4.00 per hour3.60 Actual: 0.95 hours at $3.60 per hour3.42 Total cost per unit$22.32$22.60 Excess of actual cost over standard cost per unit$0.28
The production superintendent was pleased when he saw this report and commented: "This $0.28 excess cost is well within the 2 percent limit management has set for acceptable variances. It's obvious that there's not much to worry about with this product."
Actual production for the month was 12,000 units. Variable overhead cost is assigned to products on the basis of direct labor-hours. There were no beginning or ending inventories of materials.
Required:
1. Compute the following variances for May:
a. Materials price and quantity variances. (Input all amounts as
b. Labor rate and efficiency variances.
c. Variable overhead rate and efficiency variances
2. How much of the $0.28 excess unit cost is traceable to each of the variances computed in (1) above.
3. How much of the $0.28 excess unit cost is traceable to apparent inefficient use of labor time?