Q1. CVP application - estimate product from operation? Body sculpture, Inc., makes three models of high-performance weight-training benches. Current operating data are summarized here.

Megamuscle Powergym Proforce

Selling price per unit $ 280 $ 400 $ 580

Contribution margin per unit 84 154 116

Monthly sales volume - units 6,000 4,000 2,000

Fixed expenses per month Total of $1,280,000

Required:

a. Calculate the contribution margin ratio of each product

b. Calculate the firm's overall contribution margin ratio.

c. Calculate the firm's monthly break-even point in sales dollars.

d. Calculate the firm's monthly operating expense.

e. Management is considering the elimination of the Proforce model due to its low sales volume and low contribution margin ratio. As a result, total fixed expenses can be reduced to $1,080,000 per month. Assuming that the change would not affect the other models, would you recommend the elimination of the ProForce model? Explain your answer.

f. Assume the same facts as in part e. Assume also that the sales volume for the ProGym model will increase by 1,000 units per month if the ProFore model is eliminated. Would you recommend eliminating the ProForce model? Explain your answer.

Q2. Understanding the effects of operating leverage High Tech Inc., and OldTime Co. compete within the same industry and had the following operating results in 2010.

High Tech Inc. OldTime Co.

Sales............................................................... $2,100,000 $2,100,000

Variable expenses........................................ 400,000 1,260.000

Contribution margin.................................... $1,680,000 $ 840,000

Fixed expenses.............................................. 1,470,000 630,000

Operating income........................................ $ 210,000 $ 210,000

Required:

a. Calculate the break-even point for each firm in terms of revenue.

b. What observation can you draw by examining the break-even point of each firm given that they earned an equal amount of operating income on identical sales volumes in 2010?

c. Calculate the amount of operating income (or loss) that you would expect each firm to report in 2011 if sales were to

1. Increase by 20%

2. Decrease by 20%

d. Using the amounts computed in requirement c, calculate the increase or decrease in the amount of operating income expected in 2011. From the amount reported in 2010.

e. Explain why an equal percentage increase (or decrease) in sales for each firm would have such differing effects on operating income.

f. Calculate the ratio of contribution margin to operating income for each firm in 2010. (Hint: Divide contribution margin by operating income).

g. Multiply the expected increase in sales by 20% for 2011 by the ratio of contribution margin to operating income for 2010 computed in requirement f for each firm. (Hint: Multiply your answer in requirement f by 0.2).

h. Multiply your answer in requirement g by the operating income of $210,000 reported in 2010 for each item.

i. Compare your answer in requirement h with your answer in requirement d. What conclusions can you draw about the effects of operating leverage from the steps you performed in requirements f, g, and h?

Q3. Manufacturing Overhead- over/underapplied LampArt Co. makes specialty table lamps. Manufacturing overhead is applied to production on a direct labor hours basis. During November, the first month of the company's fiscal year, $173,250 of manufacturing overhead was applied to Work in Progress Inventory using the predetermined overhead application rate of $15 per direct labor hour.

Required:

a. Calculate the number of hours of direct labor used in November.

b. Actual Manufacturing overhead costs incurred during November totaled $166,425. Calculate the amount of over or underapplied overhead for November.

c. Identify two possible explanations for the over or underappleid overhead.

d. Explain the accounting appropriate for the over or underapplied overhead at the end of November.

Q4. Manufacturing Overhead- over/underapplied LampArt Co. makes specialty table lamps. Manufacturing overhead is applied to production on a direct labor hours basis. During November, the first month of the company's fiscal year, $173,250 of manufacturing overhead was applied to Work in Progress Inventory using the predetermined overhead application rate of $15 per direct labor hour.

Activity Budgeted Cost Driver Used Cost

(Cost Driver) (Costs for 2010) as Allocation Base Allocation Rate

Materials handling $ 325,000 Number of parts used $ 0.25 per part

Cutting and lathe work 2,340,000 Number of parts used 1.80 per part

Assembly and inspection 5,000,000 Direct labor hours 25.00 per hour

The following production, costs, and activities occurred during the month of March.

Units Direct Number Direct

Produced Materials Costs of Parts Used Labor Hours

3,800 $142,000 83,600 17,180

Required:

a. Calculate the total manufacturing costs and the cost per unit of the windows produced during the month of March (using the activity - based costing approach).

b. Assume instead that the Galvaset Industries applies manufacturing oeverhead on a direct labor hours basis (rather than using the activity-based costing system previously described). Calculate the total manufacturing cost and the cost per unit of the windows produced during the month of March. (Hint: You will need to calculate the predetermined overhead application rate using the total budgeted overhead costs for 2010).

c. Compare the per unit cost figures calculated in parts a and b. Which approach do you think provides better information for manufacturing managers? Explain you answer.