Portland Company's Ironton Plant produces precast ingots for industrial use. Carlos Santiago, who was recently appointed general manager of the Ironton Plant, has just been handed the plant's contribution format income statement for October. The statement is shown below:
|
Budgeted |
Actual |
| Sales (4,000 ingots) |
$ |
250,000 |
$ |
250,000 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Variable expenses: |
|
|
|
|
| Variable cost of goods sold* |
|
66,760 |
|
81,190 |
| Variable selling expenses |
|
22,000 |
|
22,000 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Total variable expenses |
|
88,760 |
|
103,190 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Contribution margin |
|
161,240 |
|
146,810 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Fixed expenses: |
|
|
|
|
| Manufacturing overhead |
|
63,000 |
|
63,000 |
| Selling and administrative |
|
88,000 |
|
88,000 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Total fixed expenses |
|
151,000 |
|
151,000 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Net operating income (loss) |
$ |
10,240 |
$ |
(4,190) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| *Contains direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead. |
|
Mr. Santiago was shocked to see the loss for the month, particularly because sales were exactly as budgeted. He stated, "I sure hope the plant has a standard cost system in operation. If it doesn't, I won't have the slightest idea of where to start looking for the problem."
|
|
The plant does use a standard cost system, with the following standard variable cost per ingot:
|
|
Standard Quantity or Hours |
Standard Price
or Rate |
Standard Cost |
| Direct materials |
3.8 pounds |
$ |
2.40 per pound |
$ |
9.12 |
| Direct labor |
0.7 hours |
$ |
7.90 per hour |
|
5.53 |
| Variable manufacturing overhead |
0.6 hours* |
$ |
3.40 per hour |
|
2.04 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Total standard variable cost |
|
|
|
$ |
16.69 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| During October the plant produced 4,000 ingots and incurred the following costs: |
| a. |
Purchased 20,200 pounds of materials at a cost of $2.85 per pound. There were no raw materials in inventory at the beginning of the month.
|
| b. |
Used 15,000 pounds of materials in production. (Finished goods and work in process inventories are insignificant and can be ignored.)
|
| c. |
Worked 3,400 direct labor-hours at a cost of $7.60 per hour. |
| d. |
Incurred a total variable manufacturing overhead cost of $10,260 for the month. A total of 2,700 machine-hours was recorded.
|
| It is the company's policy to close all variances to cost of goods sold on a monthly basis. |
| 1. |
Compute the following variances for October: |
| a. |
Direct materials price and quantity variances. (Input all amounts as positive values. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
|
|
|
|
| Materials price variance |
$ |
(Click to select)UFNone |
| Materials quantity variance |
$ |
(Click to select)FNoneU |
|
| b. |
Direct labor rate and efficiency variances. (Input all amounts as positive values. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
|
|
|
|
| Labor rate variance |
$ |
(Click to select)UFNone |
| Labor efficiency variance |
$ |
(Click to select)FNoneU |
|
| c. |
Variable overhead rate and efficiency variances. (Input all amounts as positive values. Do not round your intermediate calculations. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
|
|
|
|
| Variable overhead rate variance |
$ |
(Click to select)NoneFU |
| Variable overhead efficiency variance |
$ |
(Click to select)UFNone |
|
| 2a. |
Summarize the variances that you computed in (1) above by showing the net overall favorable or unfavorable variance for October. (Input the amount as a positive value. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
|
| Net variance |
$ |
(Click to select)UFNone |
| 3. |
Pick out the two most significant variances that you computed in (1) above. (You may select more than one answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer.)
|
|
|
|
|
Materials price variance |
|
Labor efficiency variance |
|
Variable overhead efficiency variance |
|
Labor rate variance |
|
Variable overhead rate variance |
|
Materials quantity variance |
|