Nanovo, Inc., is a manufacturer of low-cost micro batteries for use in a wide variety of compact electronic devices such as children's toys, wireless transmitters, and sensors. The growth in the use of these devices has steadily increased, leading to an ever greater demand for Nanovo's products. Nanovo has responded to this increase in demand by expanding its production capacity, more than doubling the firm's size over the last decade. Despite this growth, however, Nanovo does not have sufficient capacity to meet the current demand for its ultra-long-life, low-voltage batteries. You have been asked to evaluate two proposals to expand one of Nanovo's existing plants, and make a recommendation.

Proposal 1 The Current Plant has a capacity of 25,000 cases per month. The first proposal is for a major expansion that would double the plant's current capacity to 50,000 cases per month. After talking with the firm's design engineers, sales managers, and plant operators, you have prepared the following estimates: 1. Expanding the plant will require the purchase of 3.6 million in new equipment, and entail upfront design and engineering expenses of 3.9 million. These costs will be paid immediately when the expansion begins. 2. Installing the new equipment and redesigning the plant to accomodate the higher capacity will require shutting down the plant for nine months. During that time, the plant's production will cease. After the expansion is finished, the plant will operate at double it's original capacity. 3. Marketing and selling the additional volume will lead to 1 million per year in additional sales, marketing, and administrative costs. These costs will begin in the first year while the plant is shut down.

Proposal 2 The engineers have also put forth a second proposal for a minor expansion that will increase the firm's capacity by only 50% to 37,500 cases per month. While the capacity is smaller, such an expansion would be cheaper and less disruptive:
1. The smaller expansion will only require 2.4 million in new equipment, and 1.5 million in design and engineering expenses.
2. The existing plant will only need to be shut down for four months.
3. Sales, maketing and administrative costs will only increase by $500,000.

Nanovo believes that with or without any expansion, the technology used at the plant will be obsolete after six years and will have no salvage value, and the plant itself will need to be completely overhauled at that time. You also have the following additional general information: With or without eithe proposed expansion, Nanova will be able to sell all it can produce at an average wholesale price of $80 per case. The price is not expected to change during the next six years.

Nanovo has a gross profit margin of 55% on these batteries, Nanovo's average net working capital at the end of each year will be equal 15% of it's annual revenue. Nanovo pays a 40% corporate tax rate. Whole all design and engineering costs are immediately deductible as operating expenses, all capital expenditures will be straight-line depreciated for tax purposes over the subsequent six years.

Management believes the risk of the expansion is similar to the risk of Nanovo's existing projects, and because Nanovo is all equity financed, the risk of the expansion is also similar to the risk of Nanovo's stock. You have the following additional information about the stock: Nanovo has no debt and has 2 million shares outstanding. The firm's current share price is 75$ per share. Analysts are expecting Nanovo to pay a $3 divident at the end of this year, and to raise it's divident at an average rate of 8% per year in the future.

1. Determine the annual incremental free cash flow associated with each expansion plan relative to the status quo (no expansion).

2. Compute the IRR and payback period of each expansion plan. Which plan has a higher IRR? Which has a shorter payback period?

3. Estimate Nanovo's equity cost of capital. Use it to determine the NPV associated with each expansion plan. Which plan has a higher NPV?

4. Should Nanovo expand the plant? If so, which plan should Nanovo adopt? Explain

5. Suppose Nanovo decides to do the major expansion. If investors are not expecting this expansion, and if they agree with the forecasts above, how will the stock price change when the expansion is announced?

6. Suppose Nanovo announces the major expansion and the stock price reacts as in Question 5. Nanovo then issues new shares at this price to cover the upfront free cash flow required to launch the expansion, and thereafter pays out as dividends the total amount it expected to pay prior to the expansion, plus the additional free cash flow associated with the expansion. What dividend per share will Nanovo pay over the next eight years? What is the fair price today for Nanovo's stock given these dividends?