In the northeast US and in eastern Canada, many citizens heat their homes with heating oil. Suppose you are one of these people, and you are expecting a cold winter, so you are considering your heating oil requirements for the season. The current price is $2.25 per US gallon, but you think that in six months, when you'll need the oil, the price could be $3.00, or it could be $1.50.

A. If you need 350 gallons to survive the winter, how much difference does the potential price variance make to your heating bills?
B. If your friend Tom is running a heating oil business, and selling 100,000 gallons over the winter season, how does the price variance affect Tom?
C. Which one of you benefits from the price increase? Which of you benefits from price decrease?
D. What are two strategies you can use to reduce the risk you face? Could you make an agreement with Tom to mitigate your risk?
E. Assuming you are both risk-averse, does such an agreement make you both better off?

13.2 You have just received good news. You have a rich uncle in France who has decided to give you a monthly annuity of 2,000 pounds per month. You are concerned that you will become accustomed to having these funds, but if the currency exchange rate moves against you, you may have to make do with less.

A. If you are living in Canada, what does it mean for the currency exchange rate to move against you?
B. Would moving to France mitigate some of the risk? If so, how? If not, why not?
C. If you want to stay in Canada, and your grandparents, who have retired to Provence, receive a Canadian pension of C$1100 each, what could you do to reduce the risk for all of you?