Goring Dairy leases its milking equipment from King Finance Company under the following lease terms.

1. The lease term is 10 years, non-cancelable, and requires equal rental payments of $30,300 due at the beginning of each year starting January 1, 2011.

2. The equipment has a fair value and cost at the inception of the lease (January 1, 2011) of $220,404, an estimated economic life of 10 years, and a residual value (which is guaranteed by Goring Dairy) of $20,000.

3. The lease contains no renewable options, and the equipment reverts to King Finance Company upon termination of the lease.

4. Goring Dairy's incremental borrowing rate is 9% per year. The implicit rate is also 9%.

5. Goring Dairy depreciates similar equipment that it owns on a straight-line basis.

6. Collectibility of the payments is reasonably predictable, and there are no important uncertainties surrounding the costs yet to be incurred by the lessor.

(a) Evaluate the criteria for classification of the lease, and describe the nature of the lease. In general, discuss how the lessee and lessor should account for the lease transaction.

(b) Prepare the journal entries for the lessee and lessor at January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2011 (the lessee's and lessors year-end). Assume no reversing entries.

(c) What would have been the amount capitalized by the lessee upon the inception of the lease if:

(1) The residual value of $20,000 had been guaranteed by a third party, not the lessee?

(2) The residual value of $20,000 had not been guaranteed at all?

(d) On the lessor's books, what would be the amount recorded as the Net Investment (LeaseReceivable) at the inception of the lease, assuming:

(1) The residual value of $20,000 had been guaranteed by a third party?

(2) The residual value of $20,000 had not been guaranteed at all?

(e) Suppose the useful life of the milking equipment is 20 years. How large would the residual value have to be at the end of 10 years in order for the lessee to qualify for the operating method? (Assume that the residual value would be guaranteed by a third party.) (Hint: The lessee's annual payments will be appropriately reduced as the residual value increases.)